Glyphosate and glufosinate are chemically structurally related to phosphorus-containing amino acid herbicides. Of the two herbicides, glyphosate was the "brother", which was introduced to the market in 1974; glufosinate was the "brother" and was commercialized in 1986. These two are non-selective herbicides, which are common to them; but the two brothers also have great differences, especially their mechanism of action is quite different. Glyphosate is a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP) inhibitor.
By blocking the enzyme, the agent destroys the synthesis of aromatic amino acids necessary for weeds, such as tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, causing weeds to die. However, glufosinate is completely different. It is a glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitor that kills weeds by hindering the synthesis of the enzyme.
Currently, glyphosate is the highest herbicide in the global sales market and the world's number one pesticide variety. In 2012, its sales reached US$4.575 billion. The rise of glyphosate has benefited from the emergence of herbicide-tolerant GM crops. The birth of glyphosate-tolerant GM crops has greatly reduced the application of herbicides in crop fields, and the cost of application has dropped significantly.
As a result, the planting area of ​​glyphosate-tolerant GM crops has grown rapidly, increasing by more than 100 times since 1996, and some pesticide companies have to withdraw from the pesticide market, such as the US for the production of soybean field herbicides, imidazolinones. Cyanamide has to sell the pesticide business to BASF in Germany to withdraw from the pesticide market. Since then, glyphosate has been the number one pesticide in the pesticide market.
However, resistance problems can also occur after long-term planting of glyphosate-tolerant GM crops and continued application of glyphosate. For example, in the case of soybeans, when glyphosate-tolerant genetically modified soybeans are planted, the soybeans will be dropped during harvesting, and the roots will be left behind. These soybeans and roots will also grow soybeans in the second year, which is called "self-generated soybeans." They are also resistant to glyphosate and are not damaged by the application of glyphosate. Because they have not been selected and grown arbitrarily, and this number of “self-generated soybeans†has been increasing for several years, it has a significant impact on the quality and yield of soybeans.
In order to solve this glyphosate-resistant “spontaneous crop (soybean)â€, it is preferred to plant a glufosinate-resistant crop that is distinct from the mechanism of glyphosate, and to apply glufosinate to eliminate weeds and the above-mentioned “self-generating Crop (soy). Since glyphosate is much more expensive than glyphosate, a glufosinate-resistant crop is planted every few years and glufosinate is applied. As a result, the market for glufosinate in 2012 reached US$420 million. Through this method, the problem of resistance to glyphosate-resistant “self-produced crops†is solved, and the yield and quality of crops are also guaranteed.
A correct understanding of the characteristics of this "two brothers" and their full and rational use can play their role and contribute to the stable production and high yield of crops.
1. Glyphosate is a glycine, the mechanism of action - inhibition of enol acetone-based valerin phosphate synthase, protein synthesis is blocked; glufosinate is a phosphonic acid, mechanism of action - ammonium exposure, inhibition of glutamine synthesis
2, glyphosate is the endocytic conduction kill; glufosinate ammonium is semi-inhaled or weakly absorbed, no conduction, no contact
3, glyphosate generally takes 7-10 days to take effect; glufosinate is 3 days (normal temperature)
4. If the liquid medicine drifts, glyphosate will kill crops and crops will not be harvested; glufosinate will only produce drug spots at the contact site, which has no effect on crop growth.
5, glyphosate can not be used for shallow roots or roots exposed crops such as vegetables, parsley, pepper, grapes, papaya, etc.; glufosinate can be used in all crops (as long as it is not sprayed onto the crop, Medicine should be covered or covered)
6, antagonistic malignant weeds such as goosegrass, small canopy, etc., glyphosate is invalid; glufosinate special effects
7. Glyphosate can be planted and transplanted 20-30 days after the general medicine; glufosinate can be planted and transplanted in 1-4 days.
Weeding is accompanied by various stages of crop growth. Glufosinate is a common herbicide. Its mechanism, suitable crops, correct dosage, etc. Do you really know? Let's talk about it today.
1. The herbicidal mechanism of glufosinate
Glufosinate is a broad-spectrum contact herbicide, which has a certain systemic action. Glufosinate uses glutamine synthetase as a target enzyme. By inhibiting the activity of glutamine synthetase, it causes disturbance of nitrogen metabolism in plants, and excessive accumulation of ammonia leads to disintegration of chloroplasts and destruction of photosynthesis of plants, and achieves herbicidal effects.
After weeds absorb glufosinate, glufosinate can be transported in the xylem of plants through plant transpiration. After normal temperature for 3 days - 5 days, the weeds gradually become yellow and necrotic, and the effect period is up to 30 days.
Second, glufosinate is suitable for crop range
Glufosinate is mainly registered in non-cultivated land, papaya garden, rubber plantation, tea garden orchard, vegetable land, etc., for annual and perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds and sedges (remarks: sedge grass is small, the effect is better) Have better control effects, such as rat tail, Mai Niang, Matang, Pelican, foxtail, wild wheat, wild corn, Dactylis, Fescue, Quercus, Grass, Ryegrass, Reed, Bluegrass, Wild Oatmeal, brome, small canopy, etc.
Third, the amount of glufosinate
The problem of the amount of glufosinate, 200 g / liter of glufosinate, in the last July, I have done experiments. The experimental results show that for ordinary weeds, a bucket of water (capacity 15KG) dosage of 100ml--120ml, the effect is very good; but for some resistant weeds, such as: reed, white mulberry and other perennial weeds, a bucket of water (capacity 15KG) The dosage can reach more than 200ml, in order to have better grass killing effect and the cost is somewhat high.
Can glufosinate be used for weeding after corn seedlings?
Glufosinate can be used for weeding after corn seedlings, but the medication is strict. After the corn seedlings are weeded in the row, in the corn 10 leaves, when the weather is no wind or breeze, the spray head is sprayed with a directional spray, and does not drift to the corn. Although the systemic effect of glufosinate is not strong, there is still a certain internal Suction, need to pay attention to the occurrence of drift phytotoxicity.
5. What are the advantages of glufosinate?
1. Good safety: glufosinate mainly kills grass by contact, has poor systemic absorption, is safe and efficient, and is also suitable for shallow root crops, such as vineyards and tea gardens.
2. Quick-acting, long-lasting effect: Under normal weather conditions, after the application of glufosinate, the weeds will be yellowed in 2--3 days and gradually die; the duration of effect is about 30 days.
3. Maintain water and soil: Because glufosinate does not kill roots, it is conducive to the maintenance of water and soil, and the field is not easy to collapse.
4. The herbicide spectrum is broader: glufosinate has a good herbicidal effect on some resistant weeds, such as: small canopy.
6. Why is glufosinate sometimes not good for weeding?
The herbicidal effect of glufosinate is mainly affected by three factors: humidity, temperature and light.
The effect of humidity: the climate is dry, the plants in order to reduce transpiration, close the pores, leaf curl, leaf skin thickening, is not conducive to the absorption of glufosinate, affecting the efficacy; air humid, plant surface wax layer remains wet, open pores It enhances the absorption of glufosinate by plants and facilitates the exertion of the drug.
Temperature: Under low temperature conditions, the ability of glufosinate to pass through the stratum corneum and cell membrane is reduced, thereby affecting the herbicidal effect. With the increase of temperature, the herbicidal effect of glufosinate increases. It is recommended to use the temperature above 15 degrees Celsius, and the low temperature effect is not good.
Illumination: When the light conditions are good, the transpiration of plants is strong, which is beneficial to the efficacy of glufosinate.
7. How to use glufosinate more efficiently?
1. Weeding of wasteland: Some glyphosate can be added appropriately, and the rebound of weeds is obviously reduced. I have done experiments according to customer's suggestion. A bucket of water (capacity 15KG) is added with 88% of glyphosate ammonium salt soluble granules. The effect is not bad. As for the specific dosage, it can be small according to the local weed conditions. experiment.
2. For some weeds with broadleaf-based conditions, such as: purslane, etc., 20% acesulfame can be added to further expand the herbicidal spectrum.
3. Since glufosinate is mainly used in contact, when spraying glufosinate, it must be sprayed and sprayed evenly. It is also possible to add penetrant such as silicone. The surface of weed leaves is fully contacted and absorbed with glufosinate to reach Good grass killing effect.
4. When diluting glufosinate, do not use turbid river water to prevent reducing the efficacy.
This article URL: Is there a difference between the herbicide glyphosate and glufosinate? How to use glufosinate correctly
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