Ribosomes are important sites for intracellular protein production and are known as protein synthesis plants. When the mRNA generated via the transcription process emerges from the nucleus, the ribosome binds to it and initiates the translation process to form a protein with the help of the tRNA. During the evolution of eukaryotes, the size of ribosomes has also increased significantly, mainly composed of rRNA and protein.
Many scientists believe that the key workshops for protein production are the same, and each of them can generate any kind of protein that the body needs. Now, a study has come up with different conclusions: some ribosomes are heterogeneous and the proteins they produce are very fixed. These custom-made ribosomes help cells control protein expression, and they can also help explain some of the rare disease symptoms that may be associated with specific ribosome defects.
Ribosomal: protein production workshop
A mammalian cell may contain up to 10 million ribosomes. Cells need to contribute 60% of their energy, using RNA and more than 80 different types of proteins as raw materials to construct ribosomes. This is undoubtedly a "high cost" process, but it is necessary because ribosomes are indispensable for protein production.
Past studies have suggested that ribosomes are not "critical" to mRNA, and there is no "closeness", so they can synthesize all proteins. But decades of research have hinted at the diversity and heterogeneity of ribosomes.
As early as 2011, a team led by molecular and developmental biologist Maria Barna of Stanford University in the journal Cell revealed a phenomenon: when a certain ribosome protein is absent in mice, the mice The tail will be short and will develop extra ribs and other defects. This developmental deficit model suggests that deletion of ribosomal proteins interferes with the production of specific proteins associated with embryonic development.
However, the debate on "customization of ribosomes" has not made any substantial progress. It is difficult for scientists to accurately measure the levels of ribosomal constituent proteins.
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