First, seed preparation
1, species selection
Spring sowing maize should be based on the local ecological conditions, suitable for local conditions to select the suitable growth period, high yield, disease resistance and strong varieties. Such as strong Sheng 101, Xianyu 335, Daiyu 36, Woyu 3 and so on. In addition, high-quality seeds should be used, with a purity of not less than 98.0%, a germination rate of not less than 85%, a purity of more than 96.0%, and a moisture content of less than 13%.
2, seed processing
Seed sowing can make seed emerge earlier. Cold water soaking for 6-8h, warm soup soaking for 4-5h, water temperature of 55 °C -57 °C. Seed coating can resist disease, insect resistance and drought after sowing and promote rooting. In general, 250 kg of seed can be treated per kilogram of coating agent, and the ratio of the agent to the seed is 1:50. The pesticide dressing is used in the ground pests where the ground pests and corn stalks are heavy, and 2% of rickettsia is used as 0.4% of the seed weight. Seed dressing, sowing per acre with phoxim granules 2-3kg with fertilizer down.
Second, land preparation technology
In general, crops should be exterminated immediately after the harvest of the former crops, and organic fertilizers should be applied for deep plowing. The depth of cultivated land should be about 20 cm, and the net roots should be removed after cultivation. Too late to plough the spring plowing will be carried out in the coming year, combined with the application of basal fertilizer, so that the soil is flat, finely broken, on the virtual reality, no large clods. According to the survey, early autumn tillage increased production compared with late autumn tillage, and autumn tillage increased yield over spring farming.
Third, sowing technology
1, sowing time
The spring sowing maize should be sown at a temperature of 5 to 10cm in the tillage layer at a temperature of 10°C to 12°C and a maximum water holding capacity of 60% or more in the field. The spring maize region in the north is characterized by spring drought and summer flood. The appropriate sowing time is from late April to early May.
2, sowing method
The spring corn planting method is ridge work and peace. In the northeast, ridges are used more often than in north China. Sowing methods are mainly drilled and on demand. Interplant corn is used on-demand, and sowing corn is used for drilling. It has high efficacy and is suitable for large-scale planting. When sowing, it is necessary to have “consistent depth, consistent cover soil, consistent suppression, and consistent spacingâ€. The seeder's operation speed must be controlled within 4 km/h to prevent missed broadcast or replay.
3, the amount and depth of sowing
In order to ensure the density of seedlings and the emergence of seedlings, at present, China's general seeding seeding amount is 45-60kg/hm2, on-demand 38-54kg/hm2. The seeding depth is suitable for 3-5cm. When the plague is poor, the seeding depth can be appropriately increased. The depth of sowing should be appropriate, and the thickness of the cover soil should be the same so as to ensure that the emergence time is concentrated and the emergence is neat.
Fourth, fertilizer use
1, fertilization principle
Basic basal fertilizer, supplemented by top dressing; organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers; nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium supplement; micro-basal fertilizer, seed fertilizer and top dressing balance application.
2, fertilization method
When spring corn is cultivated in autumn and spring, 3000-4000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer should be applied and NPK fertilizer should be applied. Maize seedlings can be applied seed fertilizer, strong seedling effect; when the soil fertility is low or the amount of basal fertilizer is small, the application of fertilizers to increase production significantly; seed fertilizer applied to the application or acupuncture points to make it isolated from the seed or mixed with the soil to prevent burning seedlings. During the big bell-mouth period, the panicle fertilizer should be applied in an appropriate amount. The application amount is 20 kg/mu urea, which can significantly increase production. From the tasselling to the flowering stage, the application of grain fertilizer is 10 kg/mu, which has the effect of promoting grain filling, early maturation and increasing yield. When the topdressing amount is low, it can be applied shallowly. When the topdressing amount is low, it can be applied more shallowly. When the amount is large, it can be applied more deeply, which will help expand the area of ​​nutrient absorption, increase root vitality, and increase fertilizer efficiency.
V. Irrigation technology
During the whole growth period of corn, natural rainfall should be fully utilized, and irrigation should be controlled according to the different water requirements of different growth stages to ensure the water supply during key growth and development. Before the corn sowing, we should fill the bottom of the muddy water to facilitate emergence; large bell season can be combined with fertilization irrigation; irrigation at the tasseling and flowering stage is conducive to pollination to improve the seed setting rate and enhance the intensity of photosynthesis; grain filling irrigation can prevent premature aging, prolong functional period and Improve leaf photosynthetic efficiency. Water irrigation at the jointing stage and filling stage had the greatest effect on the yield increase of maize, with the most obvious effect.
There are three types of irrigation methods: barb irrigation, furrow irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. The suitable ground slope for barge irrigation is 0.001-0.003. The furrow irrigation is to ditch the water between rows of corn, and the suitable gradient of furrow irrigation is about 0.003. The spacing of the irrigation ditch should be determined in combination with the row spacing and soil quality of the corn. Sprinkler irrigation does not produce deep leakage and surface runoff while saving water. It has strong adaptability to terrain and obvious effect of increasing production.
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