First, the characteristics of corn embryos
1. The embryo is large and easy to absorb moisture. The embryo of corn seeds accounts for about 30% of the grain volume, and the weight is only 10%-20% of the grain. The embryo structure is loose and contains many soluble organic matter, which is highly hygroscopic. Therefore, the moisture content of corn seeds stored in the warehouse is easy to increase, exceeding the prescribed standards.
2. Suitable for mold reproduction, easy to mold. The embryo of corn contains more sugar, protein and fat, which is suitable for the growth and reproduction of mold. As the summer temperature rises, the mold multiplies, making it easy to mold the seeds.
3. More fat, easy to lose and lose vitality. The corn embryo contains 80% to 90% of the whole kernel. In the summer, when the water content of the seed is large, the fat is easily decomposed by the action of lipase, which produces fatty acids, increases the acidity, destroys the embryo structure, and reduces the seed life. force.
4. Short life under normal storage conditions. According to the data, the seed temperature exceeds 18 ° C, the water content is more than 13%, the seeds are difficult to safely pass the summer; the storage is 8 months under the condition of 80% relative humidity, and the germination power is completely lost. Under normal conditions, the germination rate for storage for one year is reduced to 84% to 90%, the storage for one and a half years is reduced to 79% to 84%, and the storage for two and a half years is reduced to 45% to 76%. In summary, under normal conditions, Wangmi seeds have a short shelf life and are difficult to safely pass through summer.
Second, the operation of corn seeds during storage
1. Precipitation and sun-dried: Corn seeds stored in the next year must have a water content below 12%. Usually taken:
1 Ventilation and dampness: that is, when it is dry at low temperature in winter and spring, natural or mechanical ventilation is adopted to reduce the water content of the seed; 2 drying: when the water content of the seed exceeds 13%, it should be dried. The drying of the cement field should be carried out before the temperature rises, and pay attention to the thickness and fall over in time to prevent scalding the seeds. Can't be hot into the library. It is best to dry the seeds in the low temperature stage in the spring, and then the seeds are placed under low temperature conditions to inhibit breathing and prolong life.
2. Moisture-proof and moisture-proof: The way of seed moisture absorption is mainly from the moisture in the air, the ground back to the tide, and the rain, so we should start from these three aspects:
1 Prevent moisture absorption from the air (cooling and dampening): This is the main link of seed moisture protection. Because the humidity and temperature outside the warehouse are generally higher than the warehouse, it is necessary to check the walls, doors and windows, wind tunnels, etc. of the warehouse in time to keep it. Closed state. For warehouses with poor sealing performance, the seeds may also be covered with plastic film, dried sacks, canvas, and the like. However, when the humidity outside the warehouse, the temperature is lower than the inside of the warehouse or one of the temperature and humidity is the same and the other is low, it can be ventilated to facilitate the cooling and dehumidification.
2 Ground moisture protection: asphalt, dry brick, linoleum, plastic, etc. can be used to prevent groundwater from rising. Wood, brick, etc. can also be used to pad the seed to separate the seed from the ground. In areas with high groundwater levels, drainage work around the warehouse should be done.
3 leakage prevention: timely inspection and maintenance of roofs, doors and windows, etc., to prevent leakage of rain. Always check for blocked rat holes, ant holes, etc. to prevent water leakage
3. Check the seeds: In the summer, the Wang Mi seeds should be regularly checked and recorded. After the wind and rain, check them in time to find out the problems early and take measures. The main content of the inspection is seed temperature, moisture, and insect pests are generally checked once every 7 to 10 days. The germination rate is measured once before and after drying and fumigation, and then measured once every 20 to 30 days, preferably in outdoor soil.
4. Control of pests: Corn is mainly stored in warehouses and pests are rice and wheat moths. In the summer, rice is mostly planted on the surface or under the ground and in a cool and ventilated place. The larvae of the wheat moth are mostly 20 cm above the pile. The adults fly at dusk. They live on the wall seams or on the roof during the day. After the pests are found, they must be controlled in time. In practice, more than fumigation with aluminum phosphide after sun-dried, the dosage is 4-6 grams per cubic meter of seed powder or 6-9 grams of tablets (1 to 2 tablets). The summer temperature is high, the drug spreads quickly, the fumigation time is short, and it can be sealed for 3 to 4 days.
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