In recent years, the development of smart medical care at home and abroad has continued to increase. It has been suggested that “although security and smart investment are the hottest, AI may lead in the medical field.†On the one hand, breakthroughs in key technologies such as image recognition, deep learning, and neural networks have brought a new round of artificial intelligence technology. development of. It has greatly promoted the deep integration of medical industry and artificial intelligence characterized by data intensive, knowledge-intensive and mental labor intensive. On the other hand, with the advancement of society and the awakening of people's health awareness, the problem of population aging is increasing, and people's demand for improving medical technology, extending human life and enhancing health is also more urgent. In practice, there are problems such as uneven distribution of medical resources, long drug development cycle, high cost, and high cost of medical personnel training. The realistic demand for medical advancement has greatly stimulated the rise of the wave of innovation and upgrading of the medical industry with artificial intelligence technology.
First, the main application scenarios of smart medical
“From the perspective of global startup practices, the specific applications of smart healthcare include insight and risk management, medical research, medical imaging and diagnostics, lifestyle management and supervision, mental health, nursing, emergency room and hospital management, drug discovery, Virtual assistants, wearables, and others. In summary, the current application of artificial intelligence technology in the medical field is mainly concentrated in the following five areas:
(1) Medical robot
“The application of robotics in the medical field is not uncommon. For example, technologies such as smart prosthetics, exoskeletons and auxiliary equipment repair human damaged bodies, and medical care robots assist medical staff.†There are two main types of medical robots in practice. :
First, a wearable robot capable of reading human neural signals has also become a "smart exoskeleton";
Second, robots that can undertake surgery or health care functions are typically represented by the Da Vinci surgical system developed by IBM.
(2) Smart drug research and development
Intelligent drug research and development refers to the application of deep learning technology in artificial intelligence to drug research, and rapid and accurate mining and screening of suitable compounds or organisms through techniques such as big data analysis to shorten the development cycle of new drugs and reduce the cost of research and development of new drugs. Improve the success rate of new drug research and development. Artificial intelligence can be used to predict drug activity, safety, and side effects through computer simulations. With deep learning, artificial intelligence has made new breakthroughs in many fields such as cardiovascular drugs, anti-tumor drugs and therapeutic drugs for common infectious diseases. It has also played an important role in the development of smart drugs in the fight against Ebola.
(3) Intelligent diagnosis and treatment
Intelligent diagnosis and treatment is the use of artificial intelligence technology in assisted diagnosis and treatment, allowing the computer to "learn" the medical knowledge of the expert doctor, simulate the doctor's thinking and diagnostic reasoning, and thus give a reliable diagnosis and treatment plan. The intelligent diagnosis and treatment scene is the most important and core application scenario of artificial intelligence in the medical field.
(4) Intelligent image recognition
Intelligent medical imaging is the application of artificial intelligence technology to the diagnosis of medical images. The application of artificial intelligence in medical imaging is mainly divided into two parts: one is image recognition, which is applied to the sensing link. Its main purpose is to analyze the image and obtain some meaningful information. The second is deep learning, which is applied to the learning and analysis. Through a large amount of image data and diagnostic data, the neuron network is continuously trained in deep learning to promote its diagnostic ability.
(5) Intelligent health management
Intelligent health management is the application of artificial intelligence technology to specific scenarios of health management. Currently focused on risk identification, virtual nurses, mental health, online consultation, health interventions, and health management based on precision medicine.
(1) Risk identification: By obtaining information and using artificial intelligence technology to analyze, identify the risk of disease occurrence and provide measures to reduce risk.
(2) Virtual nurse: collect personal habits such as dietary habits, exercise cycle, medication habits, etc., use artificial intelligence technology to analyze data and assess the overall state of the patient, and help plan daily life.
(3) Mental health: using artificial intelligence technology to perform emotion recognition from data such as language, expression, and sound.
(4) Mobile medical : combined with artificial intelligence technology to provide telemedicine services.
(5) Health intervention: use AI to analyze user's physical data and customize health management plan.
Second, the typical case of smart medical industry application
(1) Medical robot
1, intelligent exoskeleton
Russia's ExoAtlet produces two "smart exoskeleton" products: ExoAtletI and ExoAtlet Pro. The former applies to the family and the latter applies to the hospital. ExoAtletI is suitable for patients with lower body paralysis. As long as the upper limb function is basically complete, it can help patients complete basic walking, climbing stairs and some special training actions. ExoAtlet Pro includes more features based on ExoAtletI, such as measuring pulse, electrical stimulation, setting a given walking mode, and more.
The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has officially listed "robot suits" and "medical hybrid auxiliary limbs" as medical devices sold in Japan, mainly for improving the walking function of patients with diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and muscular dystrophy.
2, surgical robot
The most representative robot for surgery in the world is the Da Vinci surgical system. “The Da Vinci surgical system is divided into two parts: the operating table of the operating room and the terminal that the doctor can operate remotely. The operating table is a robot with three robotic arms that is responsible for the operation of the patient and the flexibility of each robotic arm. Sex is far superior to humans, and with the camera can enter the human body surgery, so not only the surgical wound is very small, but also can carry out some of the surgery that is difficult for human life. On the control terminal, the computer can shoot through several cameras The two-dimensional image restores high-resolution 3D images of the human body to monitor the entire surgical procedure. Currently, more than 3,000 Da Vinci robots have been assembled worldwide, and 3 million operations have been completed."
(2) Smart drug research and development
Atomwise, a US Silicon Valley company, used IBM supercomputers to screen treatments in molecular structure databases to evaluate candidate compounds for 8.2 million drug developments. In 2015, Atomwise successfully searched for two drug candidates that control Ebola virus in less than a day based on existing drug candidates using artificial intelligence algorithms.
In addition to excavating compounds to develop new drugs, Berg Biopharma is developing new drugs by studying biological data. “Berg uses its Interrogative Biology artificial intelligence platform to research human health organizations, explore human molecules and cell defense organizations, and the mechanisms of pathogenesis, using artificial intelligence and big data to extrapolate potential drug compounds of the body's own molecules. The molecules of their own to heal the intractable diseases like diabetes and cancer are half the time and money of researching new drugs."
(3) Intelligent diagnosis and treatment
The earliest foreign application of artificial intelligence to medical diagnosis is the MYCIN expert system. The development of an expert system based on artificial intelligence in China began in the late 1970s, but it has developed rapidly. In the early days, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine developed the 'Guo Xiaobo Hepatitis Medical Expert System', which simulates the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases by the famous old Chinese doctor Guan Youbo. In the early 1980s, the Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Fujian Computer Center developed the Lin Rugao bone injury computer diagnosis and treatment system. Other institutions such as Xiamen University, Chongqing University, Henan Medical University, Changchun University and other research institutions have developed a medical computer expert system based on artificial intelligence, which has been successfully applied in clinical practice.
In the application of intelligent diagnosis and treatment, IBM Watson is the most mature case at present. IBM Watson can read 3,469 medical monographs, 248,000 papers, 69 treatment plans, 61,540 trial data, and 106,000 clinical reports in 17 seconds. In 2012, Watson passed the American Vocational Physician Qualification Examination and deployed a number of hospitals in the United States to provide supplementary medical services. At present, Watson provides a variety of cancers including breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer. Watson is essentially an artificial intelligence system that combines natural language processing, cognitive technology, automatic reasoning, machine learning, information retrieval, etc., and gives hypothetical cognition and large-scale evidence collection, analysis, and evaluation.
(4) Intelligent image recognition
The artificial intelligence system developed by the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) in collaboration with Harvard Medical School can accurately identify cancer cells in breast cancer pathology images by 92%.
American company Enlitic applies deep learning to the detection of malignant tumors such as cancer. The system developed by the company has a cancer detection rate that exceeds four top radiologists and diagnoses 7% of cancers that human doctors cannot diagnose.
(5) Intelligent health management
1. Risk identification
Lumiata, a risk prediction analysis company, uses its core product, Risk Matrix, to map the risk of disease over time to users based on data from a large number of health plan members or patients' electronic medical records and pathophysiology. . Use the Medical Graph analysis to make a rapid, targeted diagnosis of patients, which can shorten the patient's triage time by 30%-40%.
2, virtual nurse
Next IT developed an APP Alme Health Coach, "Alme Health Coach is designed for specific diseases, drugs and treatments. It can be synchronized with the user's alarm clock to trigger for example 'how to sleep' The problem can also prompt the user to take the medicine on time. This idea is to collect the actionable data available to the doctor to better connect with the patient.†The APP mainly serves patients with chronic diseases based on wearable devices. The integration of multi-channel data such as smart phones and electronic medical records, comprehensive assessment of the patient's condition, and provision of personalized health management programs.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has invested in an app called AiCure. The app automatically monitors patient medication by combining a mobile phone camera with artificial intelligence.
3. Mental health
In 2011, Ginger.IO of the United States developed an analysis platform to discover the weak fluctuations of users' mental health by mining user smartphone data, speculating whether user habits have changed, and actively asking users questions according to user habits. When the situation changes, the report will be pushed to friends and relatives around you.
The emotion recognition technology developed by Affectiva uses a webcam to capture and record people's expressions, and to analyze and judge whether people's emotions are joy, disgust or confusion.
4. Mobile medical care
Babylon's online medical treatment system provides initial diagnosis and specific response based on the symptoms listed in the user's past medical history and the user and online artificial intelligence system.
AiCure is a smart health service company that reminds users to take medication on time. "It uses mobile technology and facial recognition technology to determine whether patients take medication on time, then use the APP to obtain patient data, and use automated algorithms to identify medications and drug intake."
5. Health intervention
Through its Café Well Health health optimization platform, Welltok uses artificial intelligence technology to analyze user sign data from partners such as Map My Fitness and Fit Bit for wearable devices, providing personalized lifestyle interventions and preventive health management programs.
Third, domestic smart medical
According to the Internet Medical In- depth Report released by Founder Securities, “China's Internet medical development has gone through three stages: the information service stage, which realizes the connection between people and information; the consulting service stage, which realizes the connection between people and doctors; the stage of diagnosis and treatment, the realization of people and medical care. Institutional connectivity." In the actual industrial development, China's smart medical care is still in its infancy, but relying on the pursuit of capital, many smart medical startups have successfully obtained financing. In the future development, domestic companies should strengthen R&D and investment at the basic level such as databases, algorithms, and general technologies, and further expand the application fields of smart medical care while building a solid foundation.
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