Ringworm disease is the most important fruit and branch disease of apple, and Fuji varieties are particularly affected. The pathogenic bacteria inside and outside the blemish lesions on branches are the source of important pathogens for fruit damage in the coming year. In the winter and spring, we must seize the opportunity to treat them. In addition, stem dry rot, dry rot on various dry branches, is also an important source of pathogenic diseases in the coming year. It is very important to make a good orchard after falling leaves.
Anthracnose is an important fruit disease in some orchards. The pathogens mainly overwinter on dead branches and weak branches; they can also pass through the winter on the branches of locusts around the orchard; and the pathogens on the trees and on the fallen fruits can also overwinter. The orchard where the disease occurs must be cleared up.
Fruit ringworm and anthracnose are important rotten fruit diseases during fruit storage. However, these diseases are brought about from the growing season. Fruits collected from seriously ill orchards have a high rate of bacteria, and they are heavy in storage and transportation. If the growth period is better, the fruits will not carry bacteria, and the storage and transportation period will not be bad. fruit.
The main rot disease of Penicillium during storage and transportation. The diseased fruit is soft and juicy and has a strong musty taste. The lesions are covered with a green and mildew layer. In the later period, the diseased fruit was dehydrated and shrank, leaving only one peel. The disease is a disease during storage and transportation, and mainly damages the wounded fruit; the disease may spread and cause serious losses when the storage temperature is high (above 10°C). Failure to enter the pit and storage at low temperatures is a key measure for prevention and control. Occurrence of pox spot and bitter pit may occur before harvest, and storage period may also occur. A circular black necrotic spot was formed centering on the lenticel, and the lesion was slightly flushed outside the lesion, which destroyed the appearance quality but did not lead to rotten fruit.
The diameter of the lesions of pox spot does not exceed 2 mm and the depth does not exceed 1 mm; the bitter spot of bitter pox is larger, generally 2 to 5 mm, sometimes more than 5 mm, and the depth exceeds 2 mm. Both diseases are caused by lack of calcium in fruits. During the growth period, calcium is added in a timely manner. After harvesting, dipping with 1% calcium nitrate can control the occurrence.
Marshal of Mycotic Heart Disease is the weight of apple damage, and Fuji and Golden Delicious also occur. Mild disease ventricular mildew, does not affect the food and sales, seriously ill fruit from the heart began to cause pulp rot, bad fruit bitter. The disease is the infection of the flowering period bacteria, the incidence of the near mature period and storage period, the higher the storage temperature, the more serious.
An important leaf disease of brown spot causes deciduous fruiting. Bacteria can only overwinter on diseased leaves, clean the leaves in time and bury or burn, and reduce the incidence of the coming year.
Marshal of deciduous leaf disease is the apple leaf disease, leading to early defoliation. The pathogens mainly overwinter on diseased leaves, but they can also overwinter on the surface of branches.
The golden leaf moth is the most important leaf pest of apple. Only in the deciduous insect spot wintering, cleaning leaves have a good control effect.
Hawthorn leafhopper (Red spider) Wintering with fertilized females. On large trees, mainly under the rough skin. In saplings, it is mainly in the earth seams of 3 to 4 cm in the stem stem.
Tetranychus urticae (white spider) Wintering occurs at the roots of the weeds in the orchard with female nymphs, and a few in the skin under the rough skin.
The apple claws wintered on the surface of the shoots with eggs. Winter egg red.
The larvae are black and green and oval in shape, with eggs on the surface of the larvae or nearby branches, buds, and bark joints.
Astragalus wintered with eggs on the surface of branches, buds, and bark joints. Eggs are black, oval and scattered.
The peach borer larvae wintered. The main hidden in the soil around the tree base 3 to 5 cm deep.
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