The growth and development of peppers are prone to falling flowers, buds, fruits and even leaves in the hot season due to various reasons. The production is called "four falling" in pepper. These phenomena have a great impact on the production of peppers, and often result in a large reduction in production. At present, it is the hot and rainy season, we must pay attention to prevention.
1. Reasons
One is malnutrition. Due to plant malnutrition, especially excessive or insufficient nitrogen fertilizer, it causes poor growth and affects nutrient distribution, causing flowers and buds to fall; the second is high temperature and drought. If the temperature is higher than 28℃, soil drought will also cause flower and fruit drop; thirdly, the density is too high. Planting too densely, poorly ventilated, and poor light can also cause flowers and fruits to fall; the fourth is waterlogging and dampness. Multi-day rain and waterlogging, excessive soil humidity, affect root respiration and normal growth, and easily cause peppers to fall flowers and fruits; fifth, high temperature and rain. In the hot and rainy season, especially after a rainstorm, the temperature rises sharply, which is more likely to cause flower and fruit loss, and even a large number of leaves. Sixth, the impact of virus disease. Viral diseases are easy to occur during high temperature and drought and after damage by aphids. When the virus disease is prevalent, the flower and fruit fall is serious, and sometimes a large number of leaves appear; the seventh is pest damage. After the flowers and fruits of pepper are eaten by tobacco green worms and other pests, they are easy to fall off, causing flower and fruit drop.
2. Preventive measures
1. Soil testing formula and balanced fertilization. According to the nutrient content in the soil, what is lacking to make up for, so that the nutrient elements are applied in a balanced manner, and no more nitrogen is applied. If the base fertilizer is applied unevenly, it must be supplemented when top dressing to ensure complete nutrition.
2. Single planting, reasonable close planting. Don't be too dense to prevent mutual shading and lengthening.
3. Pay attention to watering during high temperature and drought. In the event of drought, it is necessary to water in time to keep the soil in the field moist, which can also inhibit the development and prevalence of virus diseases. Watering in the hot season should be done in the morning or evening. In this period, you should also pay attention to timely grasp the weather conditions, determine whether you can water, and avoid rain after watering, causing leaf fall.
4. Drain water in time after rain. Pepper is afraid of both drought and flood. If the pepper is flooded for a few hours, the plants will wilt and die in severe patches. Therefore, in the rainy season, we should also pay attention to preventing waterlogging, and timely remove the field water during and after rain.
5. Timely control pests and diseases. Diseases in this period mainly include viral diseases, anthracnose and soft rot, etc., which should be controlled by effective pesticides; pests mainly include aphids, tobacco worms and red spiders, which should be controlled by road-based pesticides. However, high-toxic and high-residue pesticides must not be used for pest control.
6. Spray growth regulators. It can regulate vegetative growth and reproductive growth, promote flower preservation and fruit preservation and increase production. Usually use anti-falling hormone solution to spray flowers, from 1 day before flowering to 2-3 days after flowering, spray once every 2-3 days; you can also use mepiquat solution to spray the leaves and spray during the full bloom period. -4 times is enough.
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