Fruit cracking is one of the serious problems in the production of winter jujube (especially the open-air winter jujube). In general, the pulp rotten rate of the fruit is about 15%, and in the rainy years of the mature period, it is as high as 50%-80%, which causes greater losses in the production of winter jujube.
Causes of fruit cracking
Water imbalance. The soil is too dry in the early stage of growth, and in the middle and late stages (from the color change stage to the mature stage), continuous rainy days or heavy rains or heavy rains cause excessive water supply to the root system in a short period of time, rapid expansion of the pulp, and increased pressure on the peel, resulting in fruit cracking. Especially the mature winter jujube has high sugar content, thicker flesh, thinner peel, and reduced elasticity. In case of continuous rainy days or heavy rain or heavy rain, excessive water absorption can easily cause peels to burst.
Nutritional imbalance. Some jujube farmers excessively used ammonium nitrogen fertilizers such as urea in the production of winter jujube, which caused excessive nutrient growth, resulting in nutrient imbalance in the tree body and causing fruit cracking. At the same time, the simple application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer or diammonium phosphate + urea when fertilizing, and the lack of middle and trace elements (such as calcium and boron, etc.), make the tree body suffer from malnutrition due to physiological lack of nutrients, poor fruit development, leading to Cracked fruit before and after.
Sunburn damage. The leaf area of ​​the winter jujube tree is small, and the sun-faced fruits are easily exposed to direct sunlight. After the peel is irradiated by strong light, small sunburn scars will be formed on the surface, which will reduce the toughness of the epidermis at the sunburn. The sunburn scar broke open and then spread to other parts.
Precaution
Increase the application of organic fertilizer, biological fertilizer (microbial fertilizer) and mineral fertilizer (water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids). Improve the soil, improve soil fertility, maintain uniform water supply, and reduce fruit cracking.
Reasonable summer cut. Improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions, which is conducive to the rapid drying of the surface of the jujube after rainfall, and reduces the cracking of the fruit. This period should focus on thinning and pruning, thinning out the perennial branches that are too dense, the new jujubes sprouted on the backbone branches, and the branches that are improperly located and are not planned to be retained as new branches as soon as possible; remove the partial crown trees The long branches inside are pulled out to fill the space.
Do a good job in irrigation and drainage. Watering the young fruit in time after setting the fruit can not only promote the normal development of the fruit, but also maintain a certain amount of water in the fruit. After entering the white maturity period, it is a critical period for crack prevention. If there is no early leaf fall disease in the winter jujube orchard during this period, small water can be watered every 10-15 days (drip irrigation can be used if conditions permit). In case of drought during the mature period, spray water in the evening to replenish water to prevent fruit cracking. Drain water in time during the rainy season to keep the soil moisture in a reasonable and stable state.
Cover with straw mulch. The concentrated distribution area of ​​tree roots is covered with broken straws of 10-20 cm thick, which promotes the proliferation of microorganisms in the soil, activates calcium in the soil, and can also maintain soil moisture well and keep the soil moisture in a constant state. Before sprouting in spring, cover 1 to 2 meters wide of mulch on both sides of the tree in a clockwise direction to maintain soil moisture.
Supplement nutrients. The lack of boron and calcium during the growth of winter jujube can cause fruit cracking. In addition to increasing the application of organic fertilizer, biological fertilizer and medium and trace elements, spraying calcium sugar alcohol once in the young fruit stage and the expanding fruit stage of the fruit tree can effectively prevent the winter jujube. The occurrence of fruit cracking.
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