They succeeded in cultivating pups by combining the two mothers' eggs, and for the first time achieved the unisexual reproduction of mammals, thereby breaking the genetic law that mammals must rely on male and female reproduction. Monosex reproduction is common in the reproduction of plants, fish, frogs, and insects, but it is difficult to achieve in mammals. The reason, scientists believe that the genes of the egg and sperm in the differentiation process has been differently modified, which is commonly referred to as "genetic markers." This marker causes the two genes that share the same gene to be expressed differently, so embryos need to combine both genetic information in order to survive and grow. Scientists at Tokyo Agricultural University used this technique to first develop a mother that lacks the H19 and Igf2 genes, which control fetal development. Later, the scientists extracted some eggs that were not mature and had no "genetic markers." The researchers believe that these steps make the egg's genetic activity similar to sperm. They then combined these eggs with the mature eggs of another mother. After about 460 experiments, the researchers used this method to grow 10 pups. Genetic tests on pups indicate that their genetic properties are relatively normal. However, only one of the pups developed into adulthood. It is now more than 1 year old and has successfully produced pups. Experts believe that the consequences of this parthenogenetic technique are just as unpredictable as cloning techniques, and the animals that are cultivated may have congenital defects and are highly dangerous. However, scientists believe that this study has unequivocally proved that "genetic markers" are the reasons that hinder monosex reproduction. This technique helps researchers analyze the genetic modification process to understand how this process controls the development of the embryo.
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