1. Choose good varieties. At present, the main varieties of white sesame seeds are Toshiba No. 8 and Toshiba No. 10, with a yield of about 80 kg per 667 square meters, and the higher one can reach 100 kg. You can also choose local black sesame varieties for cultivation.
2. Finely prepare the ground and apply enough base fertilizer. Sesame is a temperature-loving crop. It is suitable for cultivation in sandy soil with loose soil and good drainage. It is suitable for crop rotation with soybeans, corn, peanuts, etc. Before sowing, prepare the ground carefully. At the same time, apply 20 tals of farmyard soil manure per 667 square meters, and apply 50-100 kg of lime to the acid soil plots. It is advisable to choose sunny day for sowing. Mix the seeds in fine mud or coke ash and then sow. The amount of seeds per 667 square meters is about 300 grams. Generally, drill sowing is used, and after sowing, use your feet firmly and no longer cover the soil.
3. Strengthen field management. When the seedlings have 1 pair of true leaves, the seedlings are fixed when the seedlings have 3~4 pairs of true leaves. Pay attention to the small ones and the big ones, the weak ones and the strong ones. The branched sesame varieties generally retain about 10,000 seedlings per 667 square meters, and the single-stalk type retains about 15,000 seedlings per 667 square meters.
After planting the seedlings, it is necessary to plow and weed 2 to 3 times in time, and at the same time, clear the ditch and cultivate the soil. In the sesame bud stage, 10 kg of urea is generally sprayed with water per 667 square meters; in the blooming stage, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is used for foliar spraying.
4. Disease and pest control. The main diseases that harm sesame seeds are blight, anthracnose and powdery mildew, which can be controlled by spraying with carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, mancozeb and other chemicals; insect pests mainly include cutworms, aphids, and armyworms. Chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid and other chemicals can be sprayed with water for control.
5. Harvest. The harvest of sesame capsules changes from green to yellow. When harvesting, cut the plants at a distance of 5 cm near the ground, and then bundle them into handfuls. Every 3 handfuls are built into a bracket, and the plants are erected and exposed to the sun. When most of the capsules are cracked, threshing is carried out, and then it is sun-dried after threshing. Generally, three times of threshing are required.
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