Vegetable prices, like food prices, are also important issues for people's livelihood. The industry is worried that with the full penetration of foreign capital into China's agricultural industry in the future, the impact on the domestic agricultural industry will continue to increase, and the threat to the safety of the agricultural industry will continue to deepen.
Recently, due to the constant occurrence of extreme weather, malicious speculation by industry speculators, coupled with factors such as increased vegetable production costs, some local dishes
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Agricultural products 14.80+0.120.82%*ST Guonong 8.86-0.08-0.89% price has skyrocketed. In April, the price of vegetables in Beijing rose by 20% year-on-year. In Shanxi, vegetables were more expensive than meat. Hebei continued to raise the price of vegetables at low temperatures. In Changsha, there was a “popping tide†of residents, and the wholesale price of Weihai garlic reached a record high.
Qin Qingwu, vice president of the Shandong Rural Reform and Development Research Association, said that the "Shouguang Standard" will become bigger and there will be monopoly problems. For example, a vegetable purchased by a merchant for 50 cents per catty may be sold in binary. Because there is no full competition, it may lead to high prices. Vegetable supply and services have the nature of certain public goods, and if testing becomes a public service, it may be better. If the test fee increase does not exceed 10%, it should be possible under the supervision of the government. But if it is completely handed over to a private company to operate, the company will pursue profiteering.
The collective price increase of edible oil prices half a year ago can explain the seriousness of the problem. The industry believes that this is mainly because the edible oil market has actually been controlled by economic oligarchy, and the oligarchs have the ability to manipulate the market. Once the economic oligarchs form an interest alliance, they can control the market by controlling the supply of goods in the same way that the total market demand remains unchanged. Not only in the edible oil market, any market, if it is only bigger and stronger, there are only a few similar enterprises in the final market. Once these enterprises reach a consensus, they will inevitably raise the goods under the driving of interests. The price is huge.
Zhou Guanhua, deputy director of the regulation department of the State Grain Administration, said that the high dependence on imported soybeans has caused China to lose its qualification in the pricing of soybeans. Currently, it has mastered global food distribution. It is four multinational companies, namely ADM, Bunge, Cargill and Louis Duffy. On the surface, we have no pricing power for edible oil because there is no pricing power for raw materials, that is, 80% of raw soybeans are dependent on imports. However, careful observation is not only a matter of raw materials. With the advantages of capital and brand, foreign capital has basically achieved full chain control of domestic edible oil from raw material supply, futures trade, production and processing to market channels.
The industry is generally worried that if the share of multinational companies in China's grain market is too large, it will undoubtedly increase the fluctuation of food prices, and thus increase the difficulty of regulation of the grain market. The German economist Liszt once put forward the "infant industry protection theory", and believes that the comparative advantage of the late-developing economies needs policy protection and support, rather than being easily and fully open, otherwise the national industry will be defeated by foreign capital and lose development opportunities.
The development history of China's agricultural product market confirms this theory. Domestic agricultural enterprises are born out of the small-scale peasant economy, and their own lack of competitiveness can not compete with foreign-funded enterprises. This has led to the decline of control over domestic agricultural products such as edible oil. From the experience of agricultural protection in Korea and other economies, there are two restrictions on foreign investment in the agricultural product industry. First, the scope of entry should be based on terminal products and non-sensitive products at the beginning, and grain oil products should be cautiously open; It is the proportion of foreign-invested enterprises, such as limiting the entry limit of individual foreign-invested enterprises to 10% to 15%, and avoiding the situation that the whole industry is controlled by foreign capital.
In the international grain and oil market, there are abbreviations of the “ABCD†international four major grain traders. These four major grain traders refer to American ADM (Archer Daniels Midland), American Bunge (Bunge), American Cargill and Louis Dreyfus of France. The four major grain producers are among the world's top 500 companies. They currently monopolize 80% of the world's grain trade volume, and have a significant influence on the import and export of food, food manufacturing and packaging, and price setting.
In response, Cargill's global vice president Kang Paul responded to the "price monopoly" in Guangzhou at the beginning of the year. Kang Paul said that the rise in edible oil prices in December 2009 was in fact closely linked to the rise in oil prices. From November to December last year, international oil prices went from $65 a barrel to more than $80. At that time, more soybeans in Europe and other places were transported to the biochemical field, and the amount of soybeans used to refine gasoline and diesel was much higher. The amount of processed oil. In addition, the global expected economic recovery will accelerate, which also pushed up the market's expectations for soybean and edible oil demand. "Be aware that there are too many factors determining the price of agricultural products, such as weather, farmers' intentions, logistics, food safety, bioenergy development and even financial crisis..." Kang Paul denied that the four major grain producers manipulated the prices of global agricultural products.
Despite this, the bloodthirsty nature of capital still requires a high degree of vigilance. The industry recommends that China first use the "Anti-Monopoly Law" and conduct anti-monopoly investigations from the production and processing of edible oil to market channels when necessary. Second, we must develop the futures market and establish an industrial early warning mechanism. Qin Qingwu said that especially the vegetables of large agricultural products, futures are a high-level form of market evolution, which plays an important role in guiding the production of agricultural products, giving play to the advantages of order production and avoiding the phenomenon of “crazy garlicâ€. Through the futures market, the relevant agricultural products can be locked in price one or two years in advance, so that the producers can avoid blindness.
At present, the Ministry of Agriculture is formulating relevant policies and mechanisms to strengthen the management of foreign investment in China's agricultural sector. At the beginning of the year, Sun Zhengcai, Minister of Agriculture of China, said: First, support the introduction of foreign investment in agriculture; second, the introduction of foreign investment in agriculture must adhere to the basic requirements of ensuring the effective supply of major agricultural products and safeguarding the safety of domestic agricultural industries and the interests of farmers; Third, the Ministry of Agriculture is also working with relevant departments to formulate relevant policies and mechanisms to strengthen management to promote the healthy development of foreign investment in agriculture.
In addition to preventing the crazy price increase behavior of the agricultural product market, how to ensure that the people eat quality and safety of the safe food is the basic safety of agricultural products. Qin Qingwu said that in the past, China's small-scale peasant economy was mainly self-sufficient in vegetables, but now it is mass-produced. The industrial production mode pursues output and profits, and it is inevitable that a large amount of pesticides and fertilizers will be used. At present, in addition to large supermarkets, the access standards for vegetable safety are worrying, and vegetable safety is still very serious. This requires the government to strengthen the safety supervision of production links.