1. Nursery fertilizer
The cultivation of string beans is mainly live broadcast. With the development of green bean cultivation technology in protected areas, the method of raising seedlings and transplanting has gradually become popular. The nutrient soil used for raising seedlings should be vegetable garden soil that has not been planted with kidney beans in 2 to 3 years. It is made by mixing 4 parts of vegetable garden soil, 4 parts of decomposed horse manure and 2 parts of decomposed chicken manure, in every 100 kilograms of nutrient soil. Then mix 2 to 3 kilograms of superphosphate and 0.5 to 1.0 kilograms of potassium sulfate. The pH of the soil should be neutral or weakly acidic. Excessive soil acidity will inhibit the activity of rhizobia. Appropriate lime can be used to neutralize the acidity. When applying lime, mix it with the bed soil. Do not use too much. Large or uneven mixing is likely to cause burning of seedlings and volatilization of ammonia, causing gas hazards.
2. Base fertilizer
Kidney beans are fat-loving crops in legumes. Although they have nodules, their role in fixing nitrogen is very weak. In the undeveloped seedling stage of rhizobia, use the quick-acting nutrients in the base fertilizer to promote the growth and development of the plant. Generally, per acre, use 4,000-5,000 kg of manure or 5,000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20-35 kg of superphosphate, and plant ash. 100 kg.
The amount of basal fertilizer for dwarf green beans can be appropriately reduced. The roots of kidney beans have higher requirements for soil oxygen. The application of immature chicken manure or other organic fertilizers will increase the reducing gas in the soil and decrease the oxygen, causing rotten seeds and premature root aging, which will have a great impact on yield. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to choosing a completely decomposed organic fertilizer when applying basal fertilizer. At the same time, it is not suitable to use too much nitrogen fertilizer as seed fertilizer.
3. Top dressing
For kidney beans 20-25 days after sowing, when the flower buds of kidney beans begin to differentiate, if sufficient base fertilizer is not applied, the kidney beans show the symptoms of lack of fertilizer, and they should be topdressed in time. Apply 20%-30% biogas slurry per mu for about 1500 Kilograms, 4 to 5 kilograms of potassium sulfate can also be added to every 1,000 kilograms of dilute manure. Early topdressing has an obvious effect on increasing yield, but applying too much nitrogen fertilizer at the seedling stage will make the kidney beans grow longer. Therefore, whether topdressing should be based on the growth of the plant.
Kidney beans require the most fertilizer during the flowering and podding stage. The nutrient of the trailing variety is mainly absorbed by the roots, and part of it is transferred from the stems and leaves, and the flowering and poding period is longer, and it is short. The nutrient of green beans during pod setting is higher than that of roots. Therefore, vine varieties require more fertilizer than dwarf varieties, and the frequency of fertilization should be increased accordingly. Generally dwarf kidney beans are topdressed 1 to 2 times, trailing kidney beans are topdressed 2 to 3 times. Apply 7-11 kilograms of urea and 10-15 kilograms of potassium sulphate each time, and halve the amount of nitrogen fertilizer for the last time, and halve the amount of potassium fertilizer or not apply.
4. Matters needing attention
Kidney bean seedlings need quick-acting nutrients, so the base fertilizer should be applied with decomposed organic fertilizer, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the fertilizer is turned into the soil, and then the ridge is formed. The amount of basal fertilizer for dwarf varieties is about 80% of that of trailing. However, it should be noted that adding too much nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer will cause the plant stem and leaf tissue to be tender and elongated. For mulching cultivation, due to the inconvenience of top dressing, the amount of basal fertilizer should be appropriately increased compared to open field cultivation.
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