1 Ecological characteristics of pecans
a. The soil is required to be deep and fertile, like a warm and humid climate, is a semi-positive plant, and adapts to a soil pH between 5.5-7.0.
b. The reproduction of hickory trees is mainly based on sowing and seedling. Transplanting and planting are generally carried out after the leaves are fallen in autumn and before the germination in the spring of the following year.
c. The hickory tree grows slowly in its juvenile period. In order to promote early fruiting of the young tree, the backbone branches can be appropriately shortened.
2 pecan garden construction requirements
a. Deep, fertile, well-drained, sunny leeward, and limestone can be planted. Avoid choosing low-lying water and heavy soil.
b. Pecans are divided into autumn planting and spring planting. Generally speaking, autumn planting has a higher survival rate than spring planting. When planting and planting, 40-50 plants are planted per 667 square meters, using 4.5m×3.5m or 4.0m×3.3m Planting method.
c. Requirements for pecan varieties: pure varieties, complete main and lateral roots, no pests and diseases, and strong stress resistance. The most important thing is to choose 2-3 year-old seedlings.
d. The root system should be trimmed first when planting, to eliminate broken roots and too long roots. When planting, use fine soil to stratify the root system and pour the root water thoroughly. Use 0.4% urea + 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate The mixed fertilizer solution is more effective as root water. Water thoroughly once after planting.
3 High-yield Cultivation and Management Techniques of Pecan
3.1 Soil management
a. For juvenile hickory orchards, intercropping vegetables, beans and other dwarf crops (no pumpkins, sunflowers) can be used, so that intercropping can not only obtain economic benefits, but also suppress weeds and mature soil, which is beneficial to young people. The rapid growth of the tree body.
b. Use corn and other crop stalks to cover hickory orchards, which can not only suppress weeds, reduce the cost of artificial weeding, but also increase the content of soil organic matter and improve the soil.
c. Newly-built young hickory orchards should be deep-turned once a year or at intervals of one year, and widen 40-50cm along the outer edge of the canopy, with a depth of 60-70cm, and then bury straw, green manure, etc. for mulching. To mature the soil and enhance the air permeability of the soil.
d. The adult garden can be combined with fertilization for deep plowing, and bury organic fertilizer, weeds, and crop straws.
3.2 Plastic pruning
3.2.1 Shaping
a. When the sapling grows to 80cm, top off the core in time. After sprouting, select 2-4 strong buds with different directions as the main shoots, and erase all the other buds near the main shoots.
b. When the main branch grows to 40cm, top off the core. After branching, select 1 front bud as the extension branch growth, and 1 bud as the side branch culture.
c. When the side branches grow to 30cm, top off the core, and when the extended branch grows to 45-50cm, top off the core.
d. The method of piling and rope pulling is adopted to make the main branches evenly distributed.
e. The main task of the management of 3-4 years old trees is to do a good job of water and fertilizer management to promote the formation of a favorable tree shape as soon as possible.
3.2.2 Trimming
a. On the basis of the previous year, cultivate one more lateral branch so that each main branch has 2 lateral branches and 1 extension branch. The first side branch is 40-45cm away from the main stem, and the second side branch is 50-55cm away from the first side branch. This is done by topping and pulling branches.
b. Cultivate fruiting branches on the side branches, extension branches and both sides of the main branch, and use pruning techniques such as topping and twisting to make the fruiting branches of different sizes fill the tree body space.
c. The principle of branch group configuration: large inside and small outside, dense inside and sparse outside, staggered size, dense but not crowded, sparse but not empty.
3.3 Fertilization management
a. Reapply organic fertilizers, rationally apply chemical fertilizers, mix with medium and trace element mineral fertilizers, and mix with biological bacterial fertilizers.
b. Chemical fertilizers should be applied in accordance with the principles of reducing nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus, and increasing potassium. Foliar fertilizers can also be sprayed at the same time.
c. For saplings less than 5 years old, apply organic fertilizer at a rate of about 10-20kg, and apply 500-2000g chemical fertilizer at a ratio of 5:1:1 for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
d. For walnut trees of 6-10 births, 100-150kg of organic fertilizer should be applied for every 100kg of fruit produced, 1.7kg of pure nitrogen should be applied, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be 5:2:1.
e. The amount of fertilization for early-fruiting pecans should be higher than that for late-fruiting pecans. For trees that are 1-10 years old, the annual fertilization rate is 5:2:2, and 250kg of organic fertilizer.
f. Adult trees should appropriately increase the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and adjust the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to 2:1:1 to improve fruit quality.
4 Pest control
4.1 Disease control
The common ones are rot disease, branch blight, powdery mildew, brown spot and black spot.
4.1.1 Rot Disease
After scraping the scar under the skin layer, use 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 50 solution, or 50% Debactin WP 50 times solution for smearing and disinfection, and then apply Bordeaux solution to protect the wound.
4.1.2 Branch blight
Use 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid, or 400-500 times mancozeb WP spray control, spray once every 10 days, and spray 3-4 times continuously. can.
4.1.3 Powdery mildew
In the early stage of the disease, triadimefon can be sprayed with 3000 times solution.
4.1.4 Brown spot disease
Before and after flowering and in mid-June, spray 1:2:200 times Bordeaux solution, or 500 to 800 times solution of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder.
4.1.5 Black spot
Spray 3-5 Baumedo lime sulfur mixture before germination; spray 1:2:200 Bordeaux mixture, or 500-800 times solution of 50% thiophanate methyl WP from May to June, before the female pecan flowers bloom and bloom Spray 1 time each in later and young fruit stage.
4.2 Pest control
The main pests include small giardia, looper, weevil, thorn moth and walnut flat leaf beetle.
4.2.1 Walnut giardia
During the adult occurrence period, spray 25% carbaryl wettable powder 500 times or 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion 4000 times for control.
4.2.2 Woodworm inchworm
Spray 300-500 times solution of 25% wettable carbaryl powder on the tree body for control.
4.2.3 Walnut Weevil
Spraying 2000-3000 times solution of 2.5% deltamethrin EC.
4.2.4 Spiny moths
a. In the period of larval occurrence, spray 50% pine pine EC, 10% Uranus EC 5000 times, 2.5% rotenone 300-400 times and so on.
b. Set trap lamps to trap and kill adults during the moth period.
4.2.5 Walnut flat leaf beetle
a. During the egg overwintering period, clear the dead branches, fallen leaves and weeds in the walnut orchard, and then take these out of the orchard and bury them in a concentrated manner.
b. When the beetle is occurring in a large area, spray 3000 times of 5% cypermethrin EC and 3000 times of 2.5% Kungfu EC for prevention and treatment.
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