In recent years, the industrialization and large-scale development of facilities watermelons have been rapidly developed, and the planting area has been expanding year by year. In order to improve the production efficiency, there are farmers adopting innovative five-layer film covering and cultivation of watermelons, so that the watermelons can be listed at the beginning of May, 10 to 15 days ahead of the four membranes, with a production value of 10,000 yuan per mu and a net income of 8,000 yuan. The technology is introduced as follows for your reference.
First, multi-film coverage
The four-membrane cover refers to the greenhouse, the middle arch shed, the small arch shed, and the plastic film. The five-membrane cover is on the basis of the four-membrane, and a layer of two curtains is added within 15 to 20 centimeters in the film of the greenhouse (that is, the outside is buckled and the diaphragm is separated by 15 to 20 centimeters. The two membranes are deducted. The inner shed and the small shed are detained in the two membranes, and the membrane is covered. The film is made of high-quality non-drip film to avoid the lack of light.
Second, preparation before planting
Pre-winter fine ground preparation, digging width and depth of 40 cm in the middle of the greenhouse in the direction of the north-south direction, and applying 5,000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 50 kg of diammonium phosphate and 20 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Planting rows. The best high ridge cultivation, ridge height 10 to 15 cm, width 80 to 90 cm. Wet herbicides such as 90% metolachlor are sprayed on the surface and immediately after spraying, the mulching film is placed at a distance of 3 meters. After the flattening method is 3.2 meters wide, flattening the surface and only about 1.2 meters on both sides. The rest is left on both sides. At the same time, insert the middle arch shed and the small arch bracket and wait for the seedlings.
Third, colonization
According to the characteristics of watermelon varieties, planting density should be reasonably arranged. Generally, the planting density is 635 to 750 per acre, spacing is 3 meters, and the spacing is 0.3 to 0.35 meters. The five-membrane watermelon is planted in mid-February and can be flexibly controlled according to the weather. In principle, the 5 cm ground temperature reaches above 10°C. Point water hole planting, seedlings surface and the hole surface is basically flat, after planting seedlings covered the middle of the arch shed and a small shed in order to facilitate the temperature and slow seedlings.
IV. Management after planting
1. Temperature management. The minimum temperature of watermelon during the whole growth period is higher than 10°C, the maximum temperature is lower than 40°C, the suitable temperature range during germination is 28°C～30°C, the suitable temperature range during seedling stage is 22°C～25°C, and the suitable temperature range during extension period is 25 °C ~ 28 °C, the results of the appropriate temperature range of 30 °C ~ 35 °C. When the temperature of the shed is higher than 30°C, it is released. In the sunny morning, the shed film of the small arch shed can be uncovered, and then it is buckled again in the afternoon to increase the light and heat preservation at night. On March 22, the small and medium arch sheds were removed. On May 1, the five sheds covered the scenes.
2. Moisture management. Planting planting water when planting, according to the situation of watering a slow watering seedlings, seedlings before the extension of vines to control watering. When the young larvae reach the size of the eggs, they enter the swelling period and strengthen the watering. Afterwards, they keep the ground dry and wet. Usually about 7 days watering once, stop watering 7 days before harvest, so as not to reduce the fruit sugar content.
3. Reasonable fertilizer. The absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in watermelon is approximately 3.3:1:4.3. The early application of nitrogen fertilizer promotes the growth of loquat, and the application of potash fertilizer in the middle and later stages can improve the fruit quality. Group of urea per acre 5 to 10 kilograms, urea egg size can be combined irrigation irrigation expansion melon, apply 10 kg of urea per mu, potassium sulfate 10 to 15 kg, fruit enlargement to the size of the mouth when the application of sulfur per acre Potassium 15 kg.
4. Pruning. Generally take three vine pruning, when the melon vine covered a small arch shed, can be removed in order to remove the arch shed and small arch shed film and stent, while removing weeds, flattening the film, Shun Man pruning, broad-spectrum sterilization before spraying can be sprayed Agent.
5. Pollination. Select the second or third female flower pollination, pollination time of 8 to 9 am, take off the male flowers open the same day, the stamens gently on the female stigma, so that the stigma covered with pollen. In the absence of light and low temperature, the male flower basically does not have pollen, and it can be used to increase the rate of sitting in the melon flower.
6. Select melon, set melon. After 5 to 10 days after watermelon pollination, the melon and fetus grow to the size of the fist and select the melon and the melon. Select to stay in the melon fetus is a good, disease-free melon, leaving only one melon per plant.
7. Choose to stay in your second meal. Five days prior to the maturity of the head gourd, the pollination of the open female flower began, the water and fertilizer management was strengthened, and the second crop was promoted.
V. timely harvest
The harvest period of watermelons in early spring greenhouses is relatively strict and generally matures about 35 days after pollination. The timely harvested watermelon is sweet, juicey, colorful, and has a good flavor.
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