6 magical genes that must be recognized
November 22, 2016 Source: Bio Valley
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];Why do some people always sleep, and some people are always energetic? Why do some people eat fat? Japan has an amazing number of centenarians. How did they do it? These mysterious manipulations of genes are indispensable behind these phenomena that sound very curious. As a young science youth, do you know enough about the powerful energy of genes?
Sleep Gene--ABCC9
Why do some people sleep enough? Why do some people only sleep very little while still being energetic? Researchers at the University of Edinburgh in the UK and the University of Munich in Germany have found that a gene called ABCC9 affects people's need for sleep. People with this gene need to sleep for half an hour more than people without this gene.
The researchers collected sleep time and blood samples from more than 10,000 participants in the Orkney Islands and Croatia. The results showed that the difference in sleep needs was very high: some people were satisfied after sleeping for 4 hours, some people It takes 11 hours to sleep. A genetic analysis of blood samples revealed that people with the ABCC9 gene required sleep longer than 8 hours. This is an ancient gene that is widely found in mammals and can be found in Drosophila. The researchers blocked genes similar to ABCC9 in the Drosophila nervous system and found that Drosophila sleep time was significantly shorter. Project participant Til Ronneberg said that the control of gene sleep duration is likely to be based on a similar mechanism between many completely different species.
Currently, scientists have discovered that six genes are associated with sleep patterns. This may be a scientific speculation of the exuberant energies of the famous night owls (Napoleon, Da Vinci, Thatcher...). Think about the three alarm clocks that you can't wake up every morning, even if you lose the gene from the fertilized egg, hey, this is really a sad answer~
Hunger gene-KSR2 mutant gene
Always feel hungry and want to eat? The foodies have noticed that it has been confirmed by research that your "馋" is genetic. Researchers at the University of Cambridge have found that a mutation in a gene called KSR2 causes an increase in appetite and a high probability of obesity.
The KSR2 gene has an effect on some cellular framework proteins, and the function of these proteins is to ensure that hormone signals such as insulin are properly processed in the human body to regulate cell growth, division and energy use. The researchers performed DNA sequencing on more than 2,000 patients with severe early-onset obesity. They found that about 2% of patients had multiple mutations in the KSR2 gene, which was twice as likely as non-obese people. Professor Sadaf Farooqi, the head of the study, said that mutations in the KSR2 gene cause an increase in appetite and also attenuate the ability of cells to metabolize glucose and fatty acids.
So why spend so much money to lose weight is still in vain? Why can't you restrain your desire for food by doing everything? Maybe everything is life (ji) (yin) is doomed, hey, this is another sad answer~
Longevity gene--FOXO3A mutant gene
Since ancient times, everyone has been pursuing health and longevity. In order to achieve longevity, in addition to cherishing health and staying away from death, "innate conditions" is also very important. In 2009, researchers at the Keele University School of Medicine in Germany pointed out that the FOXO3A mutant gene in humans can help people achieve longevity.
In this "longevity gene", the rs2764264 site of FOXO3A was replaced by G by C. The researchers compared DNA samples from 388 German centenarians and 731 young people and found that the FOXO3A mutant gene is prevalent in long-lived elderly. Japan is one of the countries with the longest life expectancy in the world. In 2008, Professor Wilcox, of the University of Hawaii's John Burns School of Medicine, found that this "longevity gene" is also common in Americans aged 95 and older and of Japanese descent. The results of a survey of different countries by a multi-national scholars confirm that there is indeed a close relationship between FOXO3A gene and longevity among people from all over the world.
As early as the 1990s, it was reported that the FOXO3A mutant gene in worms and Drosophila has a close relationship with its aging process, which has aroused widespread concern in the scientific community. Interestingly, Professor Wilcox's research also found that short men are more likely to have "longevity genes." The FOXO3A mutant gene can cause short stature in early development but achieve a longer life span. In addition, short men have a lower blood insulin level and a lower risk of cancer.
Sudden death gene--Nos1ap "family"
It is generally believed that sudden death is closely related to unhealthy living habits and high-intensity work stress. However, in recent years, research has found that there are genetic manipulation factors behind the frequent deaths. In 2009, an international research team of more than 40 researchers found that a gene called "Nos1ap" and its nine variants can change the heart muscle contraction time, the QT interval, leading to an increased chance of sudden death. .
The QT interval reflects bioelectrical activity from the time the ventricle is stimulated to the end of myocardial activity during each heartbeat. QT interval abnormalities can be manifested as severe arrhythmia, QT interval is too long, and the probability of sudden death is higher. Heart disease can lead to an increase in the probability of abnormal heart rhythm in the QT interval, but it is generally difficult to find the existence of these "sudden death genes" from the human genetic code.
Many people with this type of "sudden death gene" are neither obese nor high in cholesterol, which is quite different from the image of heart disease patients in our usual concept. Therefore, this group of people often knows nothing about the risks they carry. For them, the "sudden death gene" is probably the most important cause of sudden death.
"Body smell gene"--ABCC11
Body odor is often associated with personal hygiene habits, and those individuals with "feeling flavors" are always pinned with a hat that doesn't love cleanliness. In fact, this feature is also derived from the creator's writing in the human genetic code, which is the ABCC11 gene in the middle of chromosome 16.
How does the ABCC11 gene cause blanching (body odor)? The embarrassing odor is usually found in the presence of apocrine glands, such as the armpits, groin, and areola. The expression of ABCC11 gene makes the sweat secreted by these apocrine glands like a spring. Sweat itself has no taste, but because it contains protein and fat, and its location is not easy to evaporate, it is easy to be processed by various ubiquitous microorganisms into various substances that emit irritating odor. Therefore, it is accurate to say that the ABCC11 gene does not directly cause body odor, but it is indeed the "source" of body odor.
Then why does the body odor only exist on some people? That is because the 538th base of the ABCC11 gene has changed from G to A, and the mutation causes a decrease in the secretion of apocrine glands. Most of the yellow people have this kind of mutation, which has long been our refreshing and pleasant temperament. So if you are "fortunate" to become a minority with no mutations, you can proudly claim that you are a gifted person~
Warrior Gene--MAOA-3R
There are always some thorns in the crowd. They are impulsive and aggressive, and they are veritable factors of instability. It sounds like a special character, but biologists have discovered that a gene called MAOA is closely related to human aggression.
The MAOA gene is located on the X chromosome. Its corresponding protein is responsible for the breakdown of brain signaling molecules after loss of function, including blood complex amines, norepinephrine and dopamine. Geneticist Hans Bruner found that MAOA has a 3R-type gene that prevents the protein from working properly. This can lead to the accumulation of these failed neurotransmitters, causing abnormal emotions and violent behavior. This gene was subsequently referred to by the media as a soldier's gene. The MAOA-3R genotype has a fairly high proportion in the East Asian population, with more than half of the Han population and only slightly more than 30% of the European population.
However, this genotype will also have a positive impact, and the study found that the soldier's genes help to inspire. Women with warrior genes are generally happier than others, and the probability of suffering from depression is significantly reduced. This may explain the personality of the "female man" from the genetic aspect.
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