At present, the disease has become an important factor restricting the development of the duck industry. In order to raise healthy meat ducks, we must strengthen our ideology of "prevention from over control," and give meticulous management in such areas as hygiene, raising, and epidemic prevention so as to ensure that there are no loopholes and raise the economic benefits of duck breeding.
First, site selection, construction, health management should be fine scientific site selection. Duck farms should be built far away from water pollution areas, away from public places, traffic arteries and other animal production or breeding sites, and away from wild birds and rivers and lakes where waterfowl inhabit. The basic requirements for the construction of duck farms are leeward, sunny and flat, and conducive to drainage. Adequate water supply, easy to use electricity. Attention must not be given to the construction or expansion of the original poultry farms, and polyculture of chickens, ducks and geese should not be allowed.
Reasonable layout. The duck farm should be divided into production area, management area and waste disposal area. Each area should be strictly isolated. The standardization should be designed. There should be fences or dig-proof epidemic ditch around the field area and the production area. The feet should be set on the farm area, production area and duck house entrance. Stepping on the disinfection pool and UV lamp, duck house with screens, a dressing room in the production area, thorough disinfection of vehicles entering and exiting the duck farm and related items, to prevent entry of germs or contaminated utensils, vehicles, and feedstuffs. The layout of the duck housing should be scientific, and the distance should be consistent with the requirements of hygiene and epidemic prevention. The structure should be reasonable, and the ground, ceiling, and walls should be suitable for scouring and disinfection. The sheds or cages for breeding should be sturdy and durable, and they should be easily cleaned and disinfected.
Do a good job in environmental sanitation. Hygiene is one of the most effective ways to reduce infections and cut off the transmission. Therefore, regular cleaning and disinfection should be performed around duck farms and duck farms to ensure that weeds, rotting wood, dead ducks, and miscellaneous items are not found. Aisles, curtains, curtains, troughs, sinks, etc. in duck houses should be kept clean. It is necessary to do a good job of eradicating mosquitoes and flies. Shoot any wild bird entering the field at any time. Farms should be farmed by dedicated personnel, and non-raising personnel must not enter the poultry house and decline all visits. Keeping personnel entering the production and breeding area should change their shoes, bathe and disinfect. Each breeder is prohibited from going to the market or squatting to prevent cross-infection.
Second, to enter the young, stocking, feeding and management should be fine to prevent duck disease, duck species is fundamental. When buying ducklings, we must do a good job in inspections. We must purchase ducklings that are well-fed, well-managed, and have complete quality certificates and licenses. We must not be greedy for cheap and ignore quality. When choosing seedlings, picking ducks should be selected that are healthy and lively, uniform in size, 55-60 grams in weight, well-absorbed yolk, no large navel, and no obvious illness.
Duck vegetable ingredients should use more vegetable protein feed. According to the different age and growth of ducks, it is necessary to scientifically formulate different standards of feed. To strengthen the processing and disinfection of feed, must not use mildew, spoilage, poisonous, bad and unclean feed. When buying raw materials or full-rate materials, it is necessary to “look and smellâ€, that is, to see the color, to see the uniformity of feed, to see the packaging, trademarks, to see the date of production, and to smell the smell of feed. Houses should have enough clean drinking water to allow the ducks to eat and drink enough to meet the needs of growth and production and enhance disease resistance.
Good feeding and management is the basic element for preventing duck disease. Feed management includes many points of production technology such as temperature, humidity, light, ventilation, and stocking density. The general suitable breeding density is: within 7 days of ground containment, 15 to 20 per square meter, 8 to 14 days of age 10 to 15 per square meter, and 15 to 21 days of age 8 to 10 per square meter. Feed 6-8/m2. If used on the web, the density can be increased appropriately. The temperature is: within 7 days of age, the temperature of the brooding chamber is 28 to 30°C; the temperature is 8 to 14 days at 25 to 28°C; the temperature is 15 to 21 days is 21 to 24°C; and the temperature is 22 to 28 days is 20 to 21°C, thereafter It is 15-20 °C. Lighting: Install a 40-watt ordinary lighting bulb for every 10 square meters of duck can to meet the lighting requirements. Ventilate properly to eliminate harmful gases and moisture in the home. The farm must implement a system of "all-in, all-out" feeding.
Third, disinfection, vaccination, epidemic prevention management must be fine disinfection can effectively remove pathogens. Physical cleaning and rinsing should be performed before disinfection. Cleaning and rinsing should be performed in a certain order, usually after the first cleaning, then the first ceiling, the rear wall, and then the ground. From the far end of the duck house to the entrance, the first indoor and then the environment are gradually carried out. After careful and thorough cleaning and cleaning, 80% to 90% of the pathogens can be eliminated, and the amount of organic matter such as feces can be greatly reduced. When the empty house is sterilized, follow the first net road (the road that transports feed, etc.) and the rear dirt road (the road that the excrement truck drives), and the entire site should not be disinfected twice a week. Sterilization of empty houses is generally carried out with 2 to 3 different types of disinfectants. When the duck is sterilized, the ducklings sterilized with ducks for the first time are not less than 7 days of age. The re-sterilization time afterwards can be determined according to the contamination situation in the duck house. Generally, it is conducted once a week in the brooding period and the breeding period is 7-10 days. , ducks once a day for 10 days, the onset of the disease should adhere to once a day.
Immunization is a key measure to prevent the occurrence and prevalence of common viral diseases. The duck farm should scientifically formulate the immunization program in combination with local disease conditions, immunity characteristics of the vaccine, and antibody monitoring. When immunization, use qualified vaccines from regular manufacturers, strictly follow the doses and methods described in the vaccine label, and must not use expired or improperly preserved vaccines. If infectious diseases occur in this group or in adjacent duck groups during the feeding of ducks, emergency vaccination or injection of hyperimmune serum should be performed to quickly control the epidemic. At the same time, drug prevention must be done. Drug prevention is an important means to prevent bacterial diseases and parasitic diseases. The key is to master the use of drugs, drug selection and use methods. According to the characteristics of the drug and the actual clinical needs, select different types of drugs to prevent ducks from developing resistance.
To timely diagnosis and treatment. Early detection of diseased ducks and proper diagnosis and treatment can effectively prevent large-scale outbreaks of the disease. Observe the duck groups in production. If abnormal ducks are found, they must be promptly segregated and immediately send sick ducks for diagnostic tests and formulate treatment plans for the patients. The diseased ducks with little therapeutic value should be eliminated as soon as possible and harmlessly treated to prevent environmental pollution and cause human-made diseases.
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