Tryptophan, also known as α-amino-β-indole propionic acid, has three isomers of DL-, D-, and L- tryptophan, and naturally only L-tryptophan. Lack of tryptophan can cause animal feed intake, growth retardation, and coarse coat. Tryptophan cannot be synthesized in animals, but tryptophan in vegetable feeds usually cannot meet the needs of livestock and poultry. In recent years, a large number of synthetic lysine and methionine have been used in compound feeds, making the importance of tryptophan in diets evident.
1, adjust the intake
At all stages of hog production, increasing feed L-tryptophan levels significantly increased pig feed intake (see Table 1). The increase in tryptophan performance in piglets is mainly due to the higher dietary tryptophan levels that increase feed intake of piglets.
Increasing the feed intake of piglets and lactating sows is of extra importance. This is because poor feed intake often results in poor growth of piglets, while lactating sows suffer from the problem of loss of weight due to inability of feed intake to meet lactation needs and use of their own nutrient reserves. Pig breeding performance).
2, to promote growth
The determination of nitrogen retention in piglets weighing 4 kg showed that the total L-tryptophan content in the diet increased from 0.14% to 0.26%, and the retention of most essential amino acids was significantly improved. Increasing feed L-tryptophan levels can increase the daily gain of pigs (especially piglets) and can reduce the weight loss of sows during lactation (see Table 1).
3, adjust the behavior
Increasing L-tryptophan levels in piglets from 0.12% to 0.22%, in addition to a significant increase in daily gain, can also significantly reduce the time of inquiry reflex activity of pigs on the environment (swiss and house furnishings). The pig's sleep time. In addition, tests using simulated blood pigtails on wounded pigtails showed that the pig's bloodthirstyness also decreased, indicating that increasing feed L-tryptophan may reduce tail biting and pica in pigs. Li et al. (2006) showed that when the dietary tryptophan level was 0.2 times (0.22%) and 4 times (0.44%) of the control group (0.11%), increasing the lying time of the pig decreased the eating time; and A high level of tryptophan in the diet reduces the duration of the pig's mutual attack. The latest research conducted by the US Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service Animal Behavior Research Group and Purdue University in 2010 showed that high tryptophan diets can reduce the activity intensity and reduce the aggressive behavior of mixed gilts and young pigs during the growth period.
4, improve immunity
The effect of tryptophan on immunity may be achieved through its induction of IGFs and metabolites such as serotonin, melatonin and the like. A large number of studies at home and abroad show that tryptophan can produce melatonin, a pineal hormone, and therefore it has an impact on the immune function of animals. L-tryptophan can also promote the differentiation of bone marrow T lymphocyte precursors into mature T lymphocytes, tryptophan can promote the activation of immune cells, L-tryptophan deficiency will lead to reduced humoral immune function. Therefore, the addition of tryptophan in diets can significantly improve the immune ability of piglets.
5, improve health
When piglets are faced with health threats, such as inflammation and dirty environment, the increase of tryptophan in vivo and the decrease of plasma tryptophan concentration lead to a reduction in feed intake and a further decrease in growth rate; high tryptophan diets can partially recover plasma ammonia Acid levels and piglet production levels reduce the threat of inflammatory and dirty environments to piglets; therefore, maintaining an appropriate supply of tryptophan (22% for color/lipid) will optimize the piglets' health and productivity. Melchior et al. (2004) pointed out that in chronic pneumonia, tryptophan is the only essential amino acid in plasma, and chronic pneumonia increases the body's tryptophan requirement. High tryptophan feed can restore plasma tryptophan levels in piglets after challenge, and high tryptophan diet can reduce the degree of inflammation in piglets.
6, improve the meat quality
Five grams of L-tryptophan per kilogram of pig feed was added 5 days before slaughter, which reduced the proportion of severe PSE (grey, soft, water-permeable) loin and hind-hunch that was induced by long-term transport stress responses. % and 6%, at the same time can improve the flesh color and reduce drip loss.
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