Breeding and management techniques for laying hens

The key to the success or failure of chickens lies in brooding. The quality of brooding directly affects the growth and development of chicks, the survival rate, the regularity of chickens, the resistance of adult chickens, the amount of eggs laid by adult chickens, and the duration of peak egg production. Even the economic benefits of the entire chicken industry. Therefore, it is very important to improve the feeding and management of chicks. Here we will talk about the feeding and management of chicks from the following ten points for reference by the majority of chicken farmers (farms). First, prepare before brooding. Before brooding, clean the brooding house thoroughly, clean the troughs, sinks and other utensils, and conduct strict disinfection. If it is a ground raising brooding, add litter before entering the chicken a week ago. Exposure in the sun, natural disinfection. Before entering the chicks, we must preheat the brooding house in advance, especially in late autumn, winter and early spring. Be sure to start the fire three days in advance so that the walls, ground, and facilities are thoroughly heated. The temperature in the house is relatively stable and easy to control. . Second, the appropriate temperature and humidity temperature is one of the key factors in the success of brooding, providing a suitable temperature can effectively improve the survival rate of chicks. Because chick body temperature regulation function is not perfect, the chick is very sensitive to temperature, the temperature is too low, the chick is easy to tie groups, easy to squeeze and die; the temperature is too high, the chicks easily evaporate the water, resulting in dehydration of chicks, affecting the growth of chicks. The general requirements of the first week of the chicken house is 32 °C ~ 35 °C, after the weekly drop of 2 °C ~ 3 °C, the cooling rate can not be too large, down to 18 °C ~ 20 °C when the temperature. High and low humidity are not conducive to the growth and development of chicks. The humidity is generally 65% ​​to 70% for 1 to 10 days, and is maintained at 55% to 65% after 10 days of age. Third, the scientific rearing in the chicks before the start of eating water, at 1 to 7 days of age, can add glucose and electrolysis in drinking water multi-dimensional, in order to facilitate the absorption of chicken yolk body. Tap water can be consumed after 1 week of age. Water must be kept clean and water must not be cut off. Disinfect the drinker daily with potassium permanganate. Chicks are generally eaten 24 to 26 hours after hatching. The starter food can be used as feed for millet, crushed corn, etc. After 3 days of age, it is gradually changed to compound feed. Feeding times are generally 5 to 6 times a day for 1 to 45 days, and 4 to 5 times after 46 days. Every time it is not appropriate to feed too much, it is better to add less to feed and to feed 80%. When feeding, it is necessary to pay attention to changes in the consumption of feed at any time. Excessive or too little feed consumption is a precursor to the disease of the chicks. Fourth, a reasonable light system of illumination can improve the chicken's metabolism, increase appetite, so that the red cell hemoglobin content increased; so that the chicken skin T-dehydrocholesterol into vitamin D3, promote the body's calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Practice has proved that the duration and intensity of light, the color and wavelength of light, the start and end time of light stimulation, and whether the dark period is continuous or indirect will have an important impact on chicken activity, feeding, drinking, physical development, and sexual development. The first week usually uses 24 hours of light throughout the day and the second week 19 hours of light. Since the third week, closed houses can be used for 8 hours a day. When the light intensity is applied, every 15m2 house is suspended from a height of 2m above the ground with a 40W bulb in the first week, and a 25W lamp can be replaced in the second week. V. Ventilation and ventilation The metabolism of chicks is very strong. The amount of fresh air and exhaled carbon dioxide and water vapor required for the unit's body weight is large, and ammonia gas is continuously released from chicken manure. Bad indoor environmental factors will bring stress to chickens, affect the normal activities of chickens, affect the body's growth and development, reduce the body's immune function, increase the chance of infection in the body, so that the chicken growth and development to varying degrees blocked. Therefore, the brooding room should pay special attention to ventilation. Ventilation and ventilation in the brooding room is a contradiction. An effective way to solve this problem is: in early spring, late autumn and winter, when the air is cold and there is no ventilation equipment, it can be done when the chicken eats, because the chickens are eating. Material, in the active state, when the temperature dropped 2 °C ~ 4 °C basically no hindrance to the chicken body, but to avoid facing the wind. Wait for the chickens to finish and close the window when 2/3 of the birds in the flock start or are drinking. It is forbidden to open the window for ventilation when the chicken rests. Otherwise, chickens are prone to catch cold, or they may cause respiratory illness. Ventilation and insulation are often contradictory to one another. To solve this problem of contradiction, the best way is to install a skylight on the roof or install a ventilation fan under the high window area under the eaves. VI. Breeding density Breeding density directly affects the growth and development of chicks, especially the uniformity of the chicks, the density is too large, the range of chickens is small, the chickens are squeezed, and the feeding is not uniform, so that the chicks do not grow neatly in size and appear to be of different sizes. The density is too small, causing a waste of chicken coops and equipment, no insulation, and low economic efficiency. Generally, about 20 chicks of 1 to 7 days old per square meter area are suitable. Later, as the age increases, the number of animals is gradually reduced. Weak chicks should be reared separately so that they can gradually grow into large groups. VII. In the rearing process, the chicks often suffer from paralysis. Cutting off the chop is the most effective measure to prevent the occurrence of paralysis in chickens, and it can prevent wasted feed. It is best to use a 6 to 10 days old stubble meal, and 2 mg vitamin K should be added to the diet 3 days before and after the cut off, which will reduce the stress response. After dying, if there is bleeding chicken, it should be replenished in time until it stops bleeding. After waterlogging, it is necessary to ensure sufficient water, and to strengthen the ventilation of the house, so that the birds can fully breathe fresh air and enhance their heart and lung function. VIII. Strengthening Management The breeder should constantly check the feeding and drinking conditions of the chicks. By observing the mental state of the chicks, pick out the weak chicks and sick chicks. Every morning chicken manure should be observed. It should be grayish white with a layer of white urate on the top, which is moderately thick and curly. If feces are found to be abnormal, effective measures should be taken promptly. Nine, keeping the environment quiet, doing a good job of sanitizing and disinfecting chickens is very timid and weak, and it is very sensitive to small changes in the surrounding environment. Any disturbance from outside will cause serious frightening to the chicks, causing the chicks to crush each other and cause death. Therefore, the brooding room should pay attention to keep the environment quiet, prevent cats and dogs from entering the disturbance, and refuse to visit outsiders. Do a good job inside and outside the brooding room and sterilizer appliances sanitation and disinfection, disinfection should use two or more disinfectant cross use. X. Formulate a reasonable prevention system, do a good job of epidemic prevention and deworming. Formulate suitable epidemic prevention procedures based on chick breeds, brooding seasons, and the prevalence of local diseases. It should be noted that deworming drugs and vaccines must be produced by reliable manufacturers, transported and preserved as required, and used in accordance with the instructions for use.

With the economic development, the popularization of traffic lights has made the roads more and more orderly. We can see different types of traffic lights on the highway when we walk and drive. There are red and green traffic lights, red, yellow and green. Traffic lights, pedestrian lights, pedestrian countdown lights, arrow traffic lights, bicycle traffic lights, countdown traffic lights, etc. The current penetration rate of traffic lights in cities is over 80%. Do you know the purpose and composition of traffic lights?
1. When the green light is on, vehicles can pass, but turning vehicles shall not hinder the passing of straight vehicles and pedestrians.
2. When the yellow light is on, vehicles that have crossed the stop line can continue to pass; other vehicles are waiting to pass. Or observe the left and right and pass under safe conditions.
3. When the red light is on, vehicles are prohibited.
4. At intersections where non-motor vehicle signal lights and crosswalk signal lights are not installed, non-motor vehicles and pedestrians should pass according to the signs of motor vehicle signal lights. follow traffic rules.
5. At some marked intersections, when the red light is on, vehicles turning right can pass without obstructing the passage of vehicles and pedestrians.
6. Traffic signals can make vehicles run in an orderly manner, reduce traffic congestion, and reduce traffic accidents, so that all traffic participants can drive in an orderly manner, avoiding the time waste caused by traffic congestion and the life and property caused by traffic accidents. loss.
The composition of traffic lights: traffic lights are composed of red, green, and yellow lights.
Types of traffic lights: Traffic lights are divided into motor vehicle lights, non-motor vehicle lights, crosswalk lights, lane lights, direction indicator lights, flashing warning lights, road and railway intersection lights.
Traffic accidents that do not follow the directions of traffic lights and run red lights are repeated. The root cause of these problems may be related to childhood education and traffic safety awareness. Because the road traffic signal signs in counties and towns have not been widely popularized, or because there are few road vehicles in towns, people running red lights and becoming a habit, so how to avoid these problems, we need to grasp the root of the problem. Improve people's awareness of traffic safety and strengthen the learning of traffic safety knowledge.

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