Recent continuous rains have seriously affected the growth of young litchi and longan fruits. However, it is beneficial to restore the tree vigor or shoots of young lychees or production areas. Planting regions such as March Red and White Sugar Poppy, Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula, and other early-mature areas, there is sufficient rainfall in the near future, which is conducive to fertilization, restoration of root vitality, and shoot-out of new shoots. On the other hand, the fruits of medium-mature litchi and late-maturing litchi are unfavorable, and some orchards have problems such as Phytophthora capsici, fruit cracking, and so on. Adequate rainfall is beneficial to the growth of young longan fruits.
Rainwater is constantly preventing the late-ripening lychee varieties such as the cracking fruit glutinous rice bran, cinnamon flavor, and Huaizhi fruit, etc., which are in the fruit growth period. The main work is to prevent and treat the locust locusts, prevent fruit cracking and fruit drop, and timely harvest. As early as in the orchard, the fruits began to round in late May and the peel began to color. With the rapid growth of fruit and continuous rain, cracking began to become increasingly serious. 1 Prevent cracking. Litchi fruit cracking has a lot to do with variety characteristics, management level, and climatic conditions. Among them, the most serious fruit cracking occurred in white rice glutinous rice, followed by other types of glutinous rice. In general, large nuclear species have less cracks. However, due to soil, management levels and climate changes, cracking is getting worse. The survey found that orchards, which often use organic fertilizers to improve soil, have normal orchard with normal supply of fertilizers and water, and have fewer cracked fruits. On the contrary, cracking fruit is heavier. After the fruit began to colorize and enter into an inflated period, it encountered severe rain and severe cracking. Therefore, the orchards in the rainy season must do a good job of draining water, shake the trees in time, and reduce the moisture on the ear. After the sunny day, the ring was cut and sprayed 1-2 times to control the tip of the shoot to inhibit the expansion speed of the pulp. The fruit was removed in time to prevent cracking of other fruits. The fruit that has cracked is like an uncontrolled water pipe. The water in the tree body is continuously discharged through the wound and it will induce the fruit of the same ear to continue to crack. 2 Late fruit can spray 1-2 times of agricultural nucleotides, increase the thickness and toughness of the peel, and reduce fruit cracking. After a sunny day, the temperature rose rapidly, the skin was dehydrated more quickly, and the humidity of the orchard's microclimate decreased. The tree could be sprayed with water in the morning and evening to ensure even water supply and fruit cracking. 3 spraying prevention and treatment of litchi locusts. The orchards that can be sprayed according to early predictions can basically control the damage of locust locusts. However, the orchards that did not spray pesticides in time were difficult to spray and control under the current conditions of rain. This shows that early prevention and control work is very important. As the fruit matures, the disease resistance of the peel decreases, and litchi diseases easily occur under high temperature and high humidity. Therefore, after the sunny days, it is necessary to spray medicines to prevent locust locusts, litchi phytophthora, litchi anthracnose and so on. 4 In the orchard with no results, appropriate amount of compound fertilizer can be applied. After sunny days, pruning is performed to cultivate strong autumn shoots and prepare for next year's results.
Longan:
Supplementing nutrients to prevent falling fruit Longan is in the young fruit growth period, the main task is to prevent fruit drop, to prevent roots and ensure the normal growth and development of fruit. 1 The current rain is very beneficial to the growth of young longan fruits. Normal orchards are managed and young fruit grows well. Due to previous droughts, many fertilized orchards cannot be absorbed by water-deficient plants. Recently, there is much rain, soil moisture is sufficient, various fertilizers can be decomposed, the root system can absorb, the leaves turn green, and the young fruit grow faster. If there is a lack of fertilizer or fruit orchards, appropriate amount of compound fertilizer can be applied to provide nutrients in a timely manner to reduce fruit drop and fruit cracking in the later period. 2 to prevent roots. The longan root group is less and the hair rooting power is weaker. Root injury can cause fruit drop and affect young fruit growth. The orchards with high groundwater level and easy accumulation of water must do a good job of drainage work to prevent roots from soaking. 3 Spray leaf fertilizer in time to prevent yellowing of leaves. Spraying 1-2 times of agricultural nucleotides after sunny days can not only increase the photosynthesis of the leaves, but also increase the thickness and toughness of the peel, and improve the anti-cracking ability of the fruits. 4 Pay attention to the occurrence of anthrax after the rain and spray 1-2 times preventive medicine. 5 Pay attention to the damage of locust locusts, do a good job in forecasting and timely spraying.
Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fruit and Plant Management Center, Pan Jianping, Zeng Yang, Lin Zhixiong
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