After the calving of dairy cows reaches 120 days, the amount of milk produced accounts for 60%-65% of the total milk in the whole lactation period. In actual production, because the milk production level and nutritional needs of cows at each stage differ significantly, it is not possible to use the same diet for raising cattle at different stages of lactation. At present, domestic and foreign countries advocate the adoption of the three-stage feeding method of the early period of secretory milk, the middle period of lactation, and the second period of lactation. 1. During the early period of lactation, cows started from calving until 70 days after giving birth. The appetite for dry matter intake was not completely restored but was about 15% lower than that in the late lactation period. During this period, the weight of a typical cow will be reduced by 35-50 kilograms, an average of 0.5-0.7 kilograms per day, and in individual cases it will be reduced by an average of 2-2.5 kilograms per day. At the beginning of lactation, the ratio of concentrate feed to roughage, calculated as dry matter, is approximately 55% to 60%: 45% to 40%, respectively. The feeding methods are as follows: 1. Traditional Chinese feeding methods: After cows have calving , Let it freely eat quality hay, try to avoid feeding too much corn silage. After feeding the concentrate, observe the eating conditions on the day. If there is no concentrate left, and a lot of hay is eaten, the spirit, defecation, rumination, etc. are normal, and the milk volume is also increased, 0.5-1 kg of fine material can be fed daily, otherwise the feed can not be added. . The daily concentrate feed is fed 3 times, and the feed amount is generally not more than 3 kg each time, and it should be fed after being mixed with the coarse material. 2, full-price dietary feeding method: According to the initial milk production, milk fat rate, weight and weight loss and other factors to calculate the required nutritional components of dairy cows, and then calculate the corresponding dietary nutrition levels and the total amount of modulation to determine the feed The formula is then mixed with a special blender (or manual) with a short mix of roughage, concentrate, dregs, buffers, minerals, and vitamins for cattle to feed freely. This will not cause digestive dysfunction, ruminal acidosis, overeating and other issues, and the large amount of food, nutritional balance, milk volume increased rapidly. Second, mid-lactation cows were postnatal 71-140 days after the peak of lactation had just passed, but dry matter intake peaked and weight began to recover. At this stage, the nutrients obtained by the cow need to be used to restore lost weight after birth, in addition to the maintenance and milk production needs. If the excess nutrients obtained by the cows are balanced and the uterus returns to normal, the cows may be in normal heat, and they will be pregnant 90 to 110 days after giving birth. It is very important to feed full-rate feeds in the mid-lactation period. The main points of feeding technology are: 1. Feeding full-price diets can be carried out according to the need to maintain milk production, regardless of weight changes. 2. For high-yielding dairy cows with a daily milk output higher than 35 kg, a buffer must be added on weekdays. Third, 141-305 days after the end of lactation is the late lactation period, the cow has entered the middle and late pregnancy, the nutritional needs including maintenance, lactation, repair body tissue, fat growth and pregnancy sediment nutrients, etc. 5 aspects, so the cow The demand for nutrients increased. The main points of feeding techniques in this period are: 1. The dietary supply should be based on the cow's milk production level and the actual situation. As long as the cows are medium quails (the ribs are obviously exposed), the daily supply of different nutritional levels to the cows at different levels of milk production will be sufficient. Food, in particular, should pay attention to prevent cows from becoming fat. 2. Conduct a rectal examination before stopping the baby to determine if it is a pregnancy, so that it can be stopped in time. Some cattle may have twins, and the cattle should be raised reasonably during the dry period. 3. It is forbidden to feed frozen or moldy feeds, pay attention to the protection of the cows and prevent mechanical miscarriage. (Source: Jilin Rural News)
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