In the production of edible fungi, seed production is a key component. In the process of producing strains, improper operation, incomplete disinfection may cause the invasion of bacteria, contaminate the strains, reduce the rate of edible fungi, and reduce the benefits. The following are the common bacteria in the production of edible fungi and their prevention and treatment. The measures are described as follows:
First, Penicillium is the most common type of bacteria. After contamination, small, individual green powders appear on the medium. Mildew. The bacteria are extremely widespread and spread by airborne conidia on materials that have not been thoroughly sterilized and wet. Preventive measures: culture materials should be strictly disinfected; inoculation should strictly control the aseptic technique; strengthen ventilation, cooling, and humidity; local pollution can be washed with 5 to 10% lime water.
Second, Trichoderma is mainly Trichoderma viride or Trichoderma koningii. Rely on spores floating in the air in organic materials such as decayed wood, seeds, plant residues, compost, and soil. The fungus is acidic and the temperature is 25 to 30°C. When the relative humidity of air is 80 to 90%, it can easily occur. It can develop from the spot to the entire material surface within 3 to 5 days. Prevention and control measures: (1) Strictly sterilize the culture materials, completely eliminate the mycelium and spores in the culture materials, and perform aseptic operations to enhance ventilation and cooling. (2) Dosage of formaldehyde should not be excessive when disinfected to prevent acidic environment. (3) When there is Trichoderma on the medium, locally apply 755 alcohol, 15% bleach solution, 50% carbendazim 200 times solution, spray 1 to 5% of lime water or sprinkled white ash powder and then excavate again. Lime water smear. When handling, it is best to move the strain bag (bottle) outside to prevent the spores from scattering. After the appearance of the trichoderma, it is strictly prohibited to open the bottle cap or uncover the film to avoid spreading. When using plastic bags for seeding, do not move too much during cultivation. (4) Timely removal of germinating species that have not germinated. (5) The tampon of the strainer bottle and strainer bag should not be damp, and the culture room should be kept dry and clean. (6) The mother must be pure. (7) Add 25% (or 5%) of carbendazim 2g or 75% of the carton to 1g per kilogram of dry material.
Third, Mucor, Rhizopus, and Mucor goinii, also known as pilose, mainly occur on the initial culture medium and strains of indoor mushroom (ear). The hyphae appeared white or gray at the beginning and turned pale yellow afterwards. The hyphae are sparse, stout, and clearly visible. The larger the moisture content of the culture material, the heavier the occurrence. The ability to break down starch is strong and it grows very quickly. Prevention measures: (1) Thorough disinfection, sterilization, and aseptic operation. (2) Add 25% (or 5%) of carbendazim 2g, or 75% thiophanate methyl 1g per kilogram of dry material.
4. Aspergillus spp. is also known as Neurospora sp., and all levels of bacteria can be harmful during the production process. Especially when the temperature is high and the humidity is high, it easily occurs. The bacteria are widely distributed in nature, and various organic substances such as corn cobs, corn stalks, cottonseed husks, and waste cotton are prone to occur. Its conidia are floating everywhere. Prevention and control measures: (1) Do a good job of environmental sanitation, waste cultivation materials should be buried deeply. (2) The culture material is completely sterilized, and the tampon must not be affected by moisture, and it should be replaced immediately after getting wet. The strainer bottle (bag) should be free from damage. (3) The inoculation room must be thoroughly disinfected and strictly abide by the aseptic procedures. (4) Lime on the ground, if necessary, lime on the bottle tampon and keep it dry. After the discovery, it was removed, burned, and sprayed with 75% wettable thiophanate 500 times, or 10 ml of formaldehyde per cubic meter of space.
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