Banana is one of the favorite fruits. It has the reputation of “happy fruit†and “fruit of wisdomâ€, but bananas are not like apples, pears, oranges and other fruits. There are obvious seeds in the fruit, but they have never been seen in bananas. Many people think that bananas have no seeds at all. Actually, let's take a look at the bananas and whether there are seeds in the end!
Does banana have seeds? Bananas have seeds. The banana's flesh contains a little black spot like sesame. Everyone thinks it is a seed. In fact, it is just the skin of the seed. Where is the real seed? In fact, the banana originally had seeds, but it was artificial. Constantly improved, the female flowers can not be pregnant, leaving only a few seed skins in the flesh, but granulated seeds can still be found in the fruits of wild bananas.
Where are the banana seeds? The earliest bananas in the world not only have seeds, but also many seeds, and the flesh is few. Later, after long-term artificial cultivation, the bananas with less fruits and more seeds were eliminated, leaving fewer seeds and more fruits.
After a long period of cultivation and improvement, the current bananas are formed: the seeds are degraded, the fruits are more, the sweetness is increased, and the aroma is strong. When you bite the banana, you will find a row of brown dots on the section, which is the degraded seed. People who don't understand the history of bananas think that it is no child.
How do bananas multiply ? Since the seeds of artificially cultivated bananas have been degraded, it is impossible to use seeds to breed, and how do bananas multiply? Let’s take a look at how bananas are propagated!
1, banana bud breeding
Breathing and germination is a common breeding method for banana cultivation. Mainly used to breed with sword buds (red bamboo shoots) and robes. The seedlings and shoots for the seedlings are generally up to 40 cm or more.
1 red bamboo shoots: the head is big and small, shaped like bamboo shoots and swords, so it is also called sword bud. It usually grows in November of the previous year. When the weather turns warm after the spring, it is exposed to the ground. It is red, usually used in the planting in March, April and May of that year. After planting, it is characterized by long roots after leaves.
2 褛 芽 褛: 褛 芽 一般 generally grew in August, September, and October of the previous year, due to drought, the cold is not long, the leaves come to dry in winter. Due to low temperature and lack of water, the upper minister is slower and the lower part accumulates nutrients. Therefore, the nutrient is sufficient, the shape is small and large, and the root system is many. It is generally used in planting in February and March. After planting, the roots are first raised and then the leaves are pulled.
2, banana tuber reproduction
Tuber reproduction is mainly a breeding method used to cultivate a large number of sprouts in a short period of time. Plants that have not yet flowered or underground stems of large buds (from October to November) are used as materials. The dicing time is best from November to January, most of which can be germinated. The seedling height is 40~ in April, May and June. 50 cm can be planted. The breeding method has the advantages of reducing pests and diseases, high survival rate, growth, and neat results. The initial plants are shorter than the buds, and are more resistant to wind, but have the disadvantages of low yield of the first generation.
The method of breeding underground stalks, first cut off the underground plants, dig up the tubers, leave the artificial stems 12-15 cm high, and then cut the tubers into small pieces, each weighing about 120 grams or more, with a thick bud eye The cut surface is coated with grass ash and preserved. Then, according to the row spacing of 15 cm, the dicing is placed flat on the raft, the bud eyes are facing upwards, and the soil is covered with grass to carry out fertilization management.
One week before the emergence of the buds, the same amount of Bordeaux mixture should be continuously sprayed twice to prevent leaf spot disease. If the seedlings of the top of the bunch are found, they should be removed in time and sprayed with lime to prevent infection. Where the damage of the wireworm is severely punished, the skin of the black rot outside the underground stem is scraped beforehand, and it is immersed in hot water (or 5% formaldehyde) at 54-55 °C for 20 minutes to kill the nematode and then raise the seedling.
3, banana ramets breeding
Conventional reproduction of bananas is mainly carried out by bud sprouting. When the buds grow to more than 40 cm, they can be ramets and kept as the next generation of mother plants or seedlings. When ramets, the soil next to the bud should be excavated, and then cut with a shovel from the mother plant and the bud. After the seedlings are excavated, cut the long and injured roots, and dry the incisions or apply them with grass ash to plant them.
4, banana tissue culture
The seedling production of bananas for large-scale planting mostly adopts tissue culture and rapid propagation technology. It can not only obtain a large number of test tube seedlings in a short period of time, but also can remove viruses such as mosaic disease, which is beneficial to increase yield.
1 Explant disinfection and primary culture: During operation, in the banana planting area without traditional diseases, the mother plant with strong growth, neat fruit and high yield was selected, and the buds emerging from the ground were excavated as the inducing material. When disinfecting, first remove the sheath outside the bud and rinse it off with water.
Sterilize with 75% alcohol solution for 30 seconds under sterile conditions, then sterilize with 0.1% HgCl2 for 20 minutes, then rinse with sterile water for 7-8 times, cut the stem tip, and divide the stem tip into 2 Serve in MS + 3 ~ 6 mg / liter BA + sugar 3% + agar 7.0 g / liter in the induction medium, placed in a dark light incubator, maintain the temperature of 28 ~ 30 ° C, culture for 40 to 50 days Can sprout.
Subculture of 2 shoot buds: The buds obtained from the primary culture can be subcultured in medium with MS+3-6 mg/L BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+ Sugar 3%+Agar 7.0 g/L. It can be subcultured once every 20 to 25 days in 1500 lx light environment at 28-30 ° C, and a proliferation rate of 2.0 to 2.7 times is obtained.
In the process of cultivating, there should be sufficient light. The 1500 lx light time should be no less than 8 hours per day. If there is no light or insufficient light, the color of the pseudo stem and petiole will fade, turn green, or even become white, affecting the proliferation rate. . Subculture is generally no more than 12 generations, otherwise it is easy to cause mutation.
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