How can cucumber be grown to achieve high yield? Cucumber is a vegetable that is suitable for all ages. It is one of the home-cooked dishes that people often appear on the table. Today, Huinong.com will introduce a high-yield cultivation technique for cucumber.
First, seedling technology
1. Nursery environment
Choose the leeward sunny, convenient drainage, good permeability, the former is not a melon-like plot for the seedbed.
2, cultivate strong seedlings
1 Variety: According to different cultivation methods, select the excellent varieties that are suitable for local planting, high quality, high yield and strong resistance.
2 seedling methods: choose seedbed soil seedlings and nutrition nursery.
3 seed amount: about 100 grams of seed with a germination rate of 85% or more per acre.
4 soaking seeds: disinfect with carbendazim plus 55 ~ 60 ° C warm water for 15 to 20 minutes, then soak seeds in warm water for 5 to 6 hours.
5 germination: The seeds soaked well are wrapped with wet gauze, kept germinated at a suitable temperature of about 15 ~ 20 °C, after 2 to 3 days "powder" can be sown.
6 sowing date: spring cucumber can be planted in late January to early February, and autumn cucumber in late June to July.
7 sowing: the day before planting, the seedbed is poured through the bottom water, sowed in 2 inches square, and evenly covered with fine soil. Seedlings are grown in a nutrient cup, and 2 seeds are planted per cup. After sowing, the seedlings are kept warm in a small arch shed or greenhouse.
3, seedbed management
1 Control temperature: The bed temperature during the emergence period is controlled at 28 to 32 °C during the day and not lower than 20 °C during the night. After the emergence of the seedlings, the wind is cooled in time, 25 to 30 ° C during the day and 15 to 18 ° C during the night.
2 Exclude wetness: generally do not water before emergence, and master the principle of not drying or not pouring when the seedlings are emerged, and pay attention to prevent the spread of wetness and disease.
3 ventilation refining: after the emergence of the seedlings, choose the sunny day to uncover the membrane ventilation, adjust the temperature and humidity, and help to cultivate strong seedlings.
4 strong seedling standards: leaf thick, dark green stretch, 5 to 6 leaves, stem thick section is short, plant height 3 ~ 4.5 inches, the root system is developed, leaf mites have been melon, seedling age 40 days or so, no pests and diseases.
Second, field cultivation technology
1. Cultivation environment selection
Choose convenient irrigation and drainage, low groundwater level, deep soil layer, fertile sandy loam or loam. The perennial vegetable field is rotated for 3 to 4 years under the conditions of applying traditional farmyard manure and deep turning bauxite.
2. Technical points of open field cultivation
1 Land preparation: In the winter, the soil will be turned 7 to 9 inches deep. Before the planting, the farmland will be fertilized with 4,000 to 5,000 kilograms of farmyard manure, and thoroughly mixed with the soil through deep tillage.
2 with mud seedlings: one day before transplanting, watering the seedlings and transplanting soil with soil.
3 colonization period: Datian open field cultivation is generally delayed after one season (15-20 days) than mulching cultivation. The seedling age is about 40 days, and it is planted in the middle and late March.
4 Planting specifications: 3.6 ~ 4.2 feet open ridges, ditch depth 6 inches, double rows, single plant regression 8 ~ 9 inches, double plants back 1.2 ~ 1.5 feet.
5 field management
—— Topdressing: When the root melon appears, it will be fertilized 1 or 2 times in a timely manner. After the harvest, the fertilization will be applied once a week. Each fruit harvest will be applied once every 2 to 3 times. In the middle and late period, attention should be paid to the root dressing to prevent premature aging.
——Remaining vines: In addition to the main vines, cucumbers generally retain 2 to 3 strong side vines. The excess is removed. The vines can be evenly distributed in the same direction in the field to reduce overlap and shadow.
- Scaffolding, tying vines, topping: After the cucumbers are vines, in order to improve the early yield, the methods of using open shelves and sheds to achieve high-density planting are adopted. Immediately after the vines are crammed, the vines are tied together, and then bundled once every 3 to 5 knots. The variety of the main vine can be picked up without picking the heart or after the full frame; the side of the vine with the side vine, picking the heart at 4 to 5 leaves, leaving 2 to 3 side vines, picking the heart after the frame; the main vine side The variety of vines and melons is topped after the main vines are covered. After seeing the melons on the side vines, leave a leaf to pick the heart. Excessive male flowers, tendrils and old yellow leaves in the lower part of the plant should be destroyed in time. After the harvest of the lower part of the plant, the rope should be lowered in time, and the diseased leaves, residual leaves and old yellow leaves of the base should be removed to enhance the ventilation and light transmission.
3, plastic film covering and greenhouse cultivation techniques
1 Preparation before planting: Before the planting, deep-turning, flattening the land, combined with the application of the base fertilizer (40-5000 kg of fermented farmyard manure, 15-20 kg of superphosphate, 15-25 kg of potash), 7-10 before transplanting Tiandatian covers the film.
2 colonization: small holes are fixed on the membrane, and the membrane mouth is pressed after planting, and the density is slightly higher than that of the exposed ground.
3 field management
—— Fertilization, scaffolding and topping: With reference to open field cultivation, greenhouse cultivation will grow faster and management should be earlier.
——Initial pollination: Cucumber is a cross-pollination crop, and open-field cultivation relies on insect pollination, while greenhouse cultivation must be combined with hormone-preserving fruit by means of artificial pollination. The artificial pollination method is as follows: picking the sunny day 9-10 o'clock, picking up the newly opened male flower (slender rod), removing the petals, gently spreading the stamens on the female flower style, each male flower can give 5-10 female flowers. Hormone preservation and fruit preservation method is: when the first flower is used, use a high-efficiency "seat melon" piece to water 2 kg, use a brush to smear from the melon handle to the tip of the melon, but it must be uniform, not repeated, now distributed Use, otherwise it is easy to appear deformed melon, can replace artificial pollination, but the first artificial pollination, and hormone preservation fruit is best.
——Warm and humidity management: Generally, it is not ventilated within 7 to 10 days after planting. After tempering, the shed temperature is maintained at 20~30°C during the day, not exceeding 32°C, and not lower than 10°C at night. When the temperature of the shed is above 25 °C, the film shall be uncovered and ventilated in time, and the moisture shall be taken care of. On sunny days, the film is ventilated. Generally, after 9:00 am, the film is ventilated, and after 4 pm, the shed film is placed, and in the late May, the film is removed.
4, pest control
The main pests and diseases are: downy mildew, bacterial angular spot, viral disease, blight and aphids, yellow squash, red and yellow spiders.
——Agricultural control: selection of disease-resistant varieties; implementation of water-dry, non-melon rotation; clean pastoral.
——Physical control: use silver-gray film, yellow plate or yellow dish to trap, frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp trap and insect-proof net.
- Biological control: use natural enemies and advanced biological agents to prevent and control.
——Chemical control: Under the guidance of the agricultural technology department, use high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides to ban high-toxicity and high-residue pesticides. It is forbidden to use any chemical pesticides 10 to 15 days before picking.
About the cucumber cultivation technology Huinong.com has compiled a lot of articles for everyone. I don’t know if the vegetable farmers have found the most suitable technology for them.
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