The black peanuts are wet, red and black, and they are sun-dried and dark. They look like emeralds and are delicious. They are the most fashionable high-end dishes on the table and gifts for relatives and friends. Black peanuts are pollution-free and natural health foods, and they are highly effective today. The most promising rare crops in agriculture.
First, the land selection:
Peanuts are crops that bloom on the ground and produce results underground. The requirements for the soil are loosening of the cultivation layer, and the thick sandy loam in the living soil layer is most suitable. However, yellow brown soil is suitable for planting black peanuts. According to the Zhengyang Soil Survey, a brown brown soil plot with a yield of 500kg or more per 1/15 hectare was measured. The soil structure was more than 45cm thick for the entire soil layer, about 30cm for the ripening tillage layer, and the loam layer was a soft loam layer. The soil texture is a clay layer below lOcm; a silty clay layer is 10cm-30cm. In this soil structure, the capillary pores are small and large, the non-capillary pores are large and small, the permeability of the upper layer of soil is good, the lower layer of soil has strong water storage and fertility, and the heat capacity is high, so that the soil in the water, fertilizer, and gas The heat is harmonized and harmonized, which is conducive to the growth of peanuts and the formation of pods.
Second, soil preparation and fertilization:
Before planting, select a yellow-brown soil plot with a thick layer of live soil, fertile soil and convenient drainage and irrigation. After the autumn harvest, deep plowing will be carried out. After the spring, shallow plowing will be carried out, that is, deep plowing, deep plowing, flat plowing, no discarding, no dark plowing, and no debris. Each mu of high-quality organic fertilizer 2500kg-3000kg, diammonium 20kg-25kg, urea 10kg, potassium chloride 12.5kg-15kg.
Third, ridging ridicule:
Peanut growth requires loose soil and deep living soil layers. Peanut ridging can effectively increase living soil and increase soil permeability, so as to facilitate drainage and irrigation. It can also promote the expansion of pods, increase the number of full fruit, and also reduce pods and rot. However, ridging can be based on the texture of the soil, in the yellow brown soil land: ridge width 80cm, furrow depth 20cm-25cm, ridge width 60cm, ridge height 10cm. Before ridging, apply a "stuffing fertilizer" to cultivate strong seedlings and enhance stamina.
Fourth, pest and weed control:
Each mu with 25% Shiloji 10ml-15ml, water 150ml, mixed peanuts 15kg, peanut stalk rot, root rot control; killing 2kg per acre with 10% speed, 1kg evenly spread in front of the plow Ground surface, 1kg before the ploughing ground, evenly sprinkle the broom for soil treatment, to prevent underground pest damage; 96% Jinduer per acre 60ml-80ml, 30kg water, before the film is covered with soil, prevention peanut All kinds of weeds.
Fifth, reasonable close planting:
Black peanuts are sown in spring on April 15th. After sowing, the seeds were sown on a mulch covered with plastic mulches. Each pod was planted in two rows and planted in a wide and narrow row with a narrow row of 30 cm and a width of 50 cm. The hole was drilled and set with a hole driller, and the hole distance was 17cm. Artificial sowing was performed. 2 seeds were sowed per hole, and 9000 holes were planted per acre. Immediately after sowing, use wet fine soil on the hole and press on small mound. The mound is about 5cm high and wide, so as to prevent leakage after the film is covered.
Sixth, field management:
1. Seedling replanting:
Due to lack of seed quality, insufficient soil moisture, improper fertilization of soil preparations, damage caused by pests and diseases, and low temperature and other adverse climatic conditions, the seed buds were killed and seedlings were cut off. Therefore, seedlings were inspected in a timely manner after sowing of peanuts for 10 days to 15 days. The phenomenon of seedling deficiency was found to promptly regenerate and ensure seedlings.
2 punch broken membrane:
After emergence of mulching peanuts, it is necessary to punch and break membranes to release seedlings in time. When laying seedlings, the principle of “putting green without putting seedlings, good days putting seedlings†should be mastered. When the first true leaf grows green, it should be released before 10:00 a.m. , After 4 pm, break the membrane, punch about 5cm, and gently peel off the leaves by hand. Subsequent sealing of the soil will compact the mulch, otherwise it will burn the seedlings.
3. Pest control:
At the end of May and early June, when aphids are spotted, they use 25% Aketai 6g-10g/mu, or 44% Dominqing 30ml-60ml water plus 30kg water per acre; Insects 2kg, mixed with fine soil l0kg is ridiculed around the roots of peanuts to control cockroaches, beetles, etc.; in early July, 40% Dakoning 80ml per acre, add water 30kg sprayed 1 to 2 times, control leaf spot, rust.
4. Early watering:
When drought occurs during the flowering period, the scab phase, and the full fruiting period, we must promptly fight drought and water. Drought watering is best to use sprinkler irrigation water, sprinkler irrigation should be appropriate to extend the irrigation time, the amount of water spray is appropriate, so that there is a proper amount of water in the ditch, in order to facilitate moisture from the ditch to the ridge, prevent flooding Ridge surface. After watering, when it is suitable to dry and wet, cultivating the ridge in order to prevent soil compaction in the ditch. Ensure that fruit needles are timely inoculated and the fruits are enlarged and firm. However, in the event of flooding, drain the water in a timely manner to prevent it.
5. Control and prosperous:
During the period from the downcast of the groundnut peanuts to the scab phase, with the rain of the rainy season, that is, the arrival of high temperature and high humidity, it is easy to cause prosperous growth. For the control of prosperous growth, peanuts should be sprayed on the 40-kg leaf surface 1 to 2 times per acre with about 20 g of Zhuang Saturation at the late stage of the peanut to the early stage of the scab, or when the height of the main stem is 35cm-40cm. Not only control the growth, but also control gibberellin biosynthesis in peanut plants, reducing cell division and elongation, that is, inhibiting the growth of vegetative shoots, dwarfing plants, thickening leaves, can also promote the increase of root activity, improve photosynthetic products. The operation and distribution. Therefore, physiological and biochemical functions are adjusted, dry matter accumulation is increased, quality is improved, and yield is increased.
6. To prevent premature aging:
About 40 days before the peanut harvest, about 1.5%-2% urea plus 250g-300g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre, 50kg of water, foliar spray 2 times-3 times, every 7 days-10 days Once, the spray should be done after 4 pm. To extend stem and leaf functional period and photosynthesis, enhance root absorption capacity, promote dry matter accumulation and increase yield.
Seven, timely harvest:
Improper harvesting of peanuts, premature harvesting of pods, lack of pods in fruit pods, resulting in reduced yields; harvesting too late, fruit pods, pods easily fall off, not easy to harvest also cause a reduction in production. When the leaves of the uppermost fruit branch of the peanut turn yellow, when the night temperature is lower than 10°C, the fruit shell network becomes clear and hard, and the seed kernels are ruddy, before harvesting. Harvested at this time, full of peanuts, fruit pods, fruit pods are not easy to fall off, to ensure high yield and high yield.
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