Corn empty stalks refer to plants with culms that have no ears or spikes. Corn empty stalk is a problem that is often encountered in production, and it is also one of the factors affecting corn production and economic efficiency.
First, the reasons for empty stalks:
1, nutritional supply imbalance. In the ear differentiation stage, if malnutrition, photosynthetic area
Smaller, less organic matter accumulation, can not meet the needs of nutrients during ear differentiation, so that the ear can not be normal development and the formation of empty stalks.
2, climatic factors. If the maize flowering and pollination period encounters high temperature and dry weather, female and male flowers
When the period meets badly, the pollen and filaments have reduced viability, and they cannot normally endear. In case of continuous rain and rain, the pollen absorbs water, swells, and dies. It will die or bond and lose its ability to loosen powder to form empty stalks.
3, the density is too large, lack of light. Density is too large to cause the field closed, resulting in insufficient light, limiting the normal development of photosynthesis in corn, forming the individual thin, thereby reducing the supply of assimilation nutrients required for ear differentiation and development, so the robustness is poor, and the empty stalk is increased accordingly.
4. Fertilization is irrational. Under normal circumstances, the lower the fertility, the higher the density, the higher the empty culm rate. When the nitrogen fertilizer is sufficient and the phosphate fertilizer is lacking, the panicle differentiation is slow, the flowering is delayed, and the empty stalk rate is increased. When the potassium deficiency is severe, the ear is not easy to form, or the ear is The lack of grain at the tip.
Second, prevention and control measures
1, select the fine varieties, reasonable dense planting. According to species, soil strength and cultivation methods, determine the appropriate cultivation density. It is an effective measure to reduce air stalks, increase the number of panicles, and increase yield by making the fields well-ventilated and light-transmitting.
2, scientific management of fertilizer. Adequate fertilizer and water can make young panicle differentiation and development well. It is important to combine organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, and to apply micronutrients, especially nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It is better to topdress with topdressing, and according to the principle of land fertilization, it is necessary to control the principle of less fertilizer and less land, and nitrogen fertilizer should not be used too early to prevent stalks from growing. If the soil moisture is less than 80% of the maximum water capacity in the field, the water should be watered to promote the development of the ear and shorten the spacing of the male and female flowers, which will facilitate normal pollination and fertilization and reduce the emptying rate. .
3, using castration technology. The emasculation techniques commonly used in production can effectively reduce the apical dominance, reduce the suppression of tassels on the ear, and also reduce the empty stalk rate. When the tassels are exposed, the tassels are pulled out by the interlaced or septum, and no functional leaves should be removed. After emasculation, there were only half of tassels left in the field to reduce nutrient consumption, increase grain weight, and if necessary, artificial pollination.
4, strengthen field management, timely weeding, and strengthen pest control. To improve the conditions for corn growth, timely watering in high temperature and dry weather, and timely drainage in case of rainy weather. It is also an important way to prevent the occurrence of corn stalks.
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