In recent years, the MEMS-based independent thermal isolation pixel structure uses a thin film infrared absorption layer, which has made significant progress in uncooled infrared sensors.
Many applications have been developed using infrared sensing technology, such as thermal imaging, human detection, and night vision. The quantification of infrared energy allows the user to determine the temperature of the target as well as the thermal behavior.
Infrared thermal sensing and imagers enable passive, non-intrusive object surface temperature measurements and the ability to map their temperature profiles. As the surface temperature of the object increases, the intensity of the radiation spectrum increases accordingly. This allows us to determine the temperature by remotely measuring the energy emitted by the human body or target object. Infrared detectors are mainly divided into two categories - infrared photon detectors and infrared heat detectors.
Infrared photon detector
Infrared photon detectors use the interaction between materials and electrons to absorb infrared radiation from the surface of the object being measured. The infrared detection signal is output by absorbing the change in the distribution of the electrical energy generated by the electrons. Each unit of the infrared photon detector has wavelength selectivity for absorption of incident radiant energy. Infrared photon detectors have perfect signal-to-noise ratio and fast response performance. However, infrared photon detectors have the disadvantage of requiring low temperature cooling. Cooling requirements are a major obstacle to the widespread adoption of infrared systems based on semiconductor photonic detectors. Because this makes the photon detector infrared system bulky, cumbersome, expensive, and inconvenient to use.
Infrared heat detector
High cost issues have historically severely limited the development of infrared systems in the consumer market. The advantages of infrared heat detectors include a wide wavelength response range, no need for cooling, high temperature stability, high signal-to-noise ratio, and low cost. Infrared heat detectors are mainly divided into pyroelectric, thermopile and microbolometers. (Note: This article does not introduce micro-bolometers, please refer to: uncooled infrared focal plane detectors and their technological developments)
Infrared pyroelectric sensor
The pyroelectric material absorbs thermal radiation and produces a static voltage signal between the crystalline materials. However, under continuous infrared radiation, the pyroelectric material's output static voltage signal is weakened and needs to be periodically refreshed. Pyroelectric detectors enable large-scale mass production. With applications such as anti-theft systems and automatic lighting switches, they have gradually found a cut in the consumer market. Pyroelectric detectors are also used in scientific instruments such as high performance gas analysis and flame detectors. On the other hand, for static temperature measurement applications, pyroelectric detectors are still relatively expensive and require some mechanical components.
Infrared thermopile sensor
According to the Seebeck effect, at the junction of two different materials, when their temperatures are different, a current is generated in a closed-loop circuit composed of these two materials. This phenomenon is widely used for temperature measurement of thermocouples. A thermopile or thermoelectric array consists of a number of thermosensitive elements, each of which is a filament composed of two different heat sensitive active materials. When there is a difference in temperature between the ends of the filament, a voltage (thermal tension) is generated across the filament. The hot junctions are concentrated in a very thin common absorption zone, while the cold junctions are located on a heat sink that surrounds the high thermal mass.
Modern semiconductor technology enables the fabrication of infrared thermopile sensors containing hundreds of thermocouples within a few square millimeters. This infrared sensor has extremely high sensitivity and extremely fast response time due to its small size, and its cost is also low due to the application of semiconductor scale production and lithography.
Electrical equipment thermal management engineers have long enjoyed the convenience of digital temperature sensing ICs. The new integrated thermopile infrared sensor IC provides the same convenient digital temperature measurement results and further reduces product power consumption, size and cost, creating market opportunities in consumer devices such as medical equipment , office equipment and homes. Electrical appliances, etc.
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