First, there is a long-term trend of winter wheat crops with early sowing, large sowing rates and adequate fertilizers. There is a potential risk of frost damage in spring and late lodging and premature senescence.
Second, the high temperature before winter and the severe occurrence of diseases, pests and weeds in some fields.
Third, since November last year, the rainfall has been relatively low, and some wheat fields have suffered from rapid soil loss.
Fourth, the number of climate uncertainties has increased, and there has been a high incidence of natural disasters such as spring drought and late frost.
What management measures must be taken to solve these problems?
First, strengthen cultivator and repression. For wheat fields that are sown early, with high seeding rates, and over-prosperous groups, timely and deep-rooted cultivars are required to cut roots or suppress repression; for small groups of three types of wheat fields, shallow-middle cultivators are used to increase the temperature and ensure the growth of roots and pods; The wheat fields with straw returning, site preparation, and soil aeration, especially the dry-land wheat fields with water-free conditions, should be timely repressed and smashed to solidify the soil, to crack the cracks, ensure warming, strengthen the roots, and strengthen the ability to resist drought and freeze. Promote long-term stability.
Second, due to the appropriate seedling system, classified fertilizer management.
For wheat fields that are currently deficient, the water should be watered as soon as possible when the temperature is appropriate, and the panicle number should be promoted. One type of wheat field (80-100 million per mu) should be controlled before and after the joint, and about 15 kg of urea should be applied in the middle and late jointing period. The second type of wheat field (60-800000/mu), in the beginning of the jointing or jointing stage, combined with watering mu urea 10-15 kilograms, promoted tiller into the panicle. Three kinds of seedlings (600,000 yuan/mu or less) should be promoted mainly, returning to the green period, mu recovery of 8 to 10 kg of urea, combined with watering at the jointing stage, and then chasing 5 to 7 kg, and promoting seedlings to grow quickly.
In late-seeding wheat fields, watering in early spring should be controlled so as not to reduce ground temperature and air permeability and affect growth.
Prosperous wheat fields (above 1 million mu/mu) are mainly controlled, and watering is generally no longer required in early spring. The fertilizer and water management can be postponed until the middle and late stages of jointing, and the anti-aging seedlings will weaken.
For non-irrigated dryland wheat fields, the soil is crushed and re-squeezed in the spring after the soil is thawed, and the soil is returned to the soil in the early spring or the soil is weighed after the light rain.
In regions where the rice buckwheat is heavily polluted, it is necessary to timely clear the ravine, drain the radon, and ensure the normal growth.
Third, focus on preventing three disasters
1. Prevent freezing injury. The spring temperature rises quickly, fluctuates greatly, and it is very easy to have a cold spring. In accordance with the weather forecast, localities should timely flood the wheat fields in the prosperous fields or the soils in the soil in order to improve soil moisture and prevent freezing damage. In the event of frost damage, timely remedial measures should be taken in combination with watering and quick-acting chemical fertilizers, so as to encourage the small borers to catch up, promote frozen seedlings to resume growth as soon as possible, and minimize the damage caused by freezing damage.
2. Prevent spring drought. At present, soils in some wheat fields are insufficient, and the frequency of spring droughts is high. We must pay close attention to the weather. We need to water and preserve the seedlings in a timely manner in the wheat fields with insufficient surface moisture and poor soil preparation, drought resistance and freezing, and promote normal growth.
3. Prevent lodging. For wheat fields with large sowing rates, large groups, and prosperous tendencies before the winter, the spring should be dominated by the use of repression, squats, and spraying of paclobutrazol, maijujin, maiyefeng, and tontian in the spring to the beginning stage. Measures such as Bao et al. growth inhibitors, control the spring birth and delivery, inhibit the internode elongation, establish a reasonable population, cultivate healthy individuals, and prevent late lodging.
Fourth, select the right road pesticides, disease prevention, grass damage. The disease focuses on the monitoring of wheat sheath blight, selecting the right roadside medicaments such as Jinggang, wax buds, wolfberry fruit (dimonizol), tebuconazole, propiconazole, etc. to increase the amount of sufficient water for early prevention and early treatment in the period of returning to youth. The general defense rule, severe landslide prevention and control after the first 7-10 days of prevention. For wheat fields that have not been chemically weeded before winter, they can select sunny weather from 10 am to 4 pm in the spring after the temperature has stabilized at 6°C. According to the type of weeds in the field, they can choose the herbicides on the road and remove them in time. It is necessary to operate strictly in accordance with the appropriate concentration of pesticides used, the period of use, and technical operating procedures to avoid phytotoxicity.
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