The selection of superior varieties is the primary measure and basic condition for the high yield of mung bean, and the mungbean varieties with good yield, good graininess, good taste, high germination rate and good commercial quality can be selected.
There are about 10% hard beans in mung beans, which are generally called stone beans or iron seeds. They have poor water absorption and are not easy to germinate. They can easily cause broken seedlings after sowing. Therefore, seeds should be carefully selected before sowing to remove impurities, diseased grains and bad grains, etc., and select sunny weather for drying for 2-3 days to increase the germination rate and germination potential. Before sowing, the seed dressing can be applied to 20 kg per 200 g of seed dressing, mixed and dried, then sowed, or applied with 30% Dovefo suspension seed coating agent at a ratio of 1:50-60 for seed dressing, after drying sowing.
Second, site preparation and rational fertilization
The adaptability of mung bean is very strong and the soil requirements are not very strict. Generally sand, thin slopes, black soil and clay can be planted. Mung bean is often interspersed with crops such as corn, sorghum, potato, sweet potato, sesame, and millet, and is also planted on fruit trees, forest trees, fields, and gaps. Mung bean bogey and boil. Because the mung bean is heavy, serious diseases and pests, poor quality, is conducive to the proliferation of harmful microorganisms and inhibit the development of rhizobia. Therefore, it is necessary to rationally arrange land for mung beans and implement crop rotation. It is best to work with cereal crops such as corn, sorghum, and wheat dumplings. Mung beans should not be used for Chinese cabbage, and it is generally preferable to use 2-3 years apart. As mung bean is a dicotyledon crop, the cotyledon is unearthed, and the seedlings have weak arching ability. If there is too much soil compaction or soil turbidity, it is easy to cause the phenomenon of ridges or shoots missing. Therefore, before sowing, it is required to deeply plow and finely plow finely and prepare the soil so as to loosen the soil and make the soil loose, store water, protect the soil, prevent the soil from being hardened, and promote the emergence of seedlings in order to facilitate emergence.
The principle of fertilization of mung beans should be based on organic fertilizers, supplemented by inorganic fertilizers, and the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers; Mungbeans have a short growing period and strong resistance to turbidity. Their roots also have symbiotic nitrogen-fixing capabilities. Production often involves no fertilization. However, in order to increase the production of mung beans in medium- and low-yield plots, fertilization should be increased. Generally, apply 10 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre (667 square meters) or apply 12-15 kg of compound fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of 12-18-15, or about 15 kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer per acre. . Infertile plots can be top-dressed during the scab, and 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, Ful 655 and other plant growth regulators are sprayed on the leaves.
Third, the appropriate sowing, reasonable close planting
Mung beans can be sowed in spring and summer. Spring sowing in late April to mid-May. Summer sowing in the middle and late June, we must strive to broadcast in the early days. Mung bean is plentiful, and the suitable temperature for emergence and growth is 15 to 18°C, and the temperature is generally 18 to 20°C during flowering and scab, which is most suitable. If the temperature is too high, the stems and leaves will grow too much and will affect the flowering and scab. Mungbeans are not tolerant to frost in later growth stages, and temperatures fall below 0°C. Plants will freeze to death and the seed germination rate will be low. Therefore, the summer and autumn sowing mung bean must pay attention to timely sowing so that the normal maturation before the onset of low temperature early frost. The sowing rate of mu is generally 1.5-2.0 kg, and the seeding depth is 3.0-5.0 cm.
The planting density of mung bean should depend on the characteristics of the varieties and the fertility of the soil. Generally should grasp the early maturing varieties of dense, late-maturing varieties of rare; upright dense, semi-wild type thin, creeping type more dilute; fertility should be thin, thin to close; early species dilute, late species density principle. The suitable density of mungbean generally early-maturing varieties and low-water-fertilizer plots is 1800-200,000 hectares of preserved seedlings, 11-15 strains of seedlings per meter; medium-maturing varieties, suitable density of hectares of medium-water fertilizers are 151-170,000 strains per hectare. 8-10 strains of seedlings between rice; suitable density of late-maturing varieties and high water and fertilizer conditions were 12-14 million strains of hectares of seedlings, and 7-8 strains of seedlings per meter.
Fourth, field management
To achieve "six timely": 1 timely suppression. After sowing, the plots with bad sowing on the locusts should be promptly repressed. With the pressure of the seeds, the seeds should be in close contact with the soil, increase the surface moisture, promote the germination and development of the seeds, emerge early, and produce a complete seedling. 2 timely check fill seedlings. After the mung bean emerged, it was found that there was a lack of seedlings and ridges, and the replanting should be completed within 7 days. 3 and time seedlings, Dingmiao. In order for the seedlings to develop well, when the mung bean reaches two leaves after emergence, the seedlings are removed. When four leaves are seedlings, the spacing is 13-16 cm, and the single row spacing is suitable for about 40 cm. According to the determined density, remove weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, seedlings, hybrid seedlings and weeds, and leave strong seedlings. The practice of planting individual plants helps the plants grow robustly. 4 timely cultivation and weeding. Generally, after the first compound leaf of mung bean is unfolded, the first combination of the seedlings is shallow; after the second compound leaf is unfolded, the seedling is established and the second cultivating is performed; the third deep cultivating till the branching period is performed, and The roots should be sealed and the cultivator should be carried out until the ridges are closed. The depth of cultivator should master shallow-deep-light principles. Chemical weeding can choose to use fine grass weed, take net, fine quizalazine, bean Xerox and so on. 5 timely irrigation, drainage and flood control. Mungbean is a crop that requires more water, is not resistant to waterlogging and is afraid of flooding. Mungbean seedling stage has stronger drought resistance and less water requirement; flowering stage is the peak period of water demand. At this time, in case of drought should be timely irrigation. However, mung beans are afraid of flooding. If there is too much water in the seedling stage, the root disease will be aggravated, causing the rot to die. In the late period, the plant growth was poor, premature aging occurred, and the calyx fell off and the yield decreased. Therefore, mung bean should be drained during the rainy season. 6 Do a good job of preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests in time. The main prevention and control of root rot, virus disease and aphids such as pests. Virus disease can be applied to speed stop 0.5% lentinan water agent 40-50 grams per hectare and green wild God 600-700 grams mixed with water, in the sunny afternoon after 4 pm foliar spray; root rot can be used dead seedlings Rotten root fast cure spirit 500-800 grams per hectare of gold to house root root agent 250 grams mixed with 450-500 kilograms of water evenly after mixing; control of aphids can be applied 10% imidacloprid, 3% acetamiprid, 40% Omethoate is used alternately; control of spider mites can be applied to scorpion spirit, 4% sword scorpion and so on.
Fifth, timely harvest
The maturity of mung beans is uneven and should be followed by mining according to the situation. In the case of large-scale planting, it is often necessary to harvest once, and 2/3 of the total pods of mung beans should be turned into brownish black for timely harvesting. Under high temperature conditions, mature pods are susceptible to cracking and should be harvested in the morning when dew does not dry or in the evening. The harvested soybean meal can be stored or sold in the warehouse after drying, threshing and cleaning.
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