Each 100 grams of fresh vegetables contains vitamin C 118 mg, calcium 713 mg, iron 9.7 mg, and selenium 8.5 mg. It can be alkalized and detoxified for the body. It is used as a diuretic to fight inflammation and mold. Lowers cholesterol, balances blood sugar and hormones, and promotes pituitary function. Helps with anemia, arthritis, ulcers, bleeding disorders, bone or joint disorders, digestive system and skin.
Forage feed is the material basis for the development of animal husbandry, especially grass-eating animals, and the development of herbivorous livestock must vigorously develop and promote artificial pasture cultivation. Alfalfa has the reputation of “king of grassâ€. According to relevant information, the protein content of alfalfa is 24%, and the annual output of fresh grass can reach 10,000 kg.
From 2008 to 2014, the import volume of alfalfa hay in China has increased rapidly. In 2014, the import volume of alfalfa hay was more than 45 times that of 2008. It is estimated that the import of alfalfa hay in 2015 will also exceed 1 million tons/year. This phenomenon indicates that the demand for high-quality alfalfa hay in the Chinese market is very strong. In addition, insufficient domestic supply is one of the reasons.
Sowing at the right time is the key to successful planting of alfalfa. Spring sowing, summer sowing, autumn sowing and winter seeding are planted with different seeding effects, especially in autumn. The seeding in the winter can effectively avoid the agricultural time, while the spring Drought and summer rainstorms and the scorching sun are extremely detrimental to the sowing of alfalfa.
Scientific management is the guarantee to achieve stable production and high yield. It is necessary to do routine field management such as weeding, fertilization, irrigation, pest control, etc., so that the value of alfalfa is fully reflected.
Rational use is an effective way to improve the efficiency of planting grass. It is necessary to combine grass planting with animal husbandry, large-scale sputum production and grass product development and processing, as well as yarrow and dairy production, and strengthen grassland construction project management. The construction promotes the effective use of alfalfa, so that both ecological and economic benefits can be simultaneously improved.
Alfalfa is a perennial herb with a hay production that is the crown of many legumes and has a complete nutritional content, rich in protein, trace elements and more than ten vitamins. The main root of alfalfa is very long, and it can generally extend into the soil below 3-5 meters, and the deepest can reach about 10 meters.
The lateral roots are developed, the stems are erect and smooth, and the height is 60-100 cm. The leaves are composed of three small leaves, which are obovate, the petiole is long and smooth, and the stipules are large. Flowers purple, racemes, seed kidney shape, 1000-grain weight 1.5-2.5g, reached the growth peak in two or three years after sowing, life expectancy can be maintained for 10-20 years, or even 40 years.
Sexually warm and semi-humid climate, very drought-resistant, not resistant to water stains, strong cold resistance, not strict on soil requirements, the most suitable for calcium-rich bauxite or sandy loam at pH 6.5-8.5. In poor soil, appropriate amount of manure and phosphate fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer to facilitate root formation.
Alfalfa can be sown all year round.
The domestic alfalfa cultivation areas are mainly in Gansu, Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi. "At present, there are three main forms of alfalfa cultivation in China. One is small-scale planting in the family and self-production; the second is the construction of vegetation in ecological engineering; the third is commodity production. The area currently used for alfalfa hay production is about 5.38 million mu. The output of hay was 3.59 million tons, while the actual amount of the transaction was only 1.43 million tons."
However, the amount of money on the market cannot effectively meet domestic demand. "At present, there are about 2.5 million dairy cows with high-yield and high-quality intensive feeding in China, and the market for weeding products is only over 1 million tons. Calculated, the average supply of weeds per cow is only 400 kilograms per year, only 1 kilogram per day.
This does not include the demand for about 5 million small-scale cows forage. According to estimates, the commodities circulating in the market should be more than 5 million tons of grass. There is a huge demand for space. According to customs statistics, China imported 442,200 tons last year, an increase of 60% year-on-year. The market demand gap is obvious. Li Cong said.
It is currently a good time for the development of the industry, but it also faces many constraints.
The first issue is funding. “Like the grain, the hoe must be scaled up and mechanized to produce better benefits, which requires a lot of money to support.†Shi Jingwu said that his company is a medium-sized hoe planting company with a circulation of 10,000 mu. The land, the transfer fee of 50 yuan an acre, signed a 15-year contract, is more than 7.5 million yuan.
The supporting infrastructure construction is also a small investment. The price of a self-propelled sprinkler irrigation facility is 300,000 yuan, the average coverage of a set of facilities is 500 mu, and 20 sets of equipment will cost 6 million yuan.
Secondly, valerian is perishable and has a short harvest period, which requires higher harvesting machinery. Special equipment is required for harvesting, bundling, picking, secondary compression, and transportation. "The rental machinery can't guarantee to rent on time. Enterprises usually buy imported equipment by themselves. The investment of our company to buy the machine is about 8 million yuan." Shi Jingwu said, "The price of 苜蓿 is directly linked to the quality, and the quality of the flag in Aru Kerco can be good. Selling 1.3 yuan per catty, the quality is only 0.9 yuan per catty. The level of mechanization directly affects the quality."
Third, there are certain problems in the industrial layout of the company. The best production area of ​​苜蓿 is located in arid and semi-arid areas with less precipitation in China. The consumption area is located in the south and urban suburbs. The shortage of water resources and long-distance transportation in the arid area increase the difficulty of production.
On the other hand, from the perspective of soil conditions, alfalfa production requires good land conditions and intensive cultivation. However, most of the depressions are currently converted from desert, dry land, sandy land and saline-alkali land, with low improvement and low production efficiency. High management costs.
Fourth, domestic dairy companies prefer to use imported hay bales. "Mainly, the foreign planting area is large, the technology is advanced, the mechanization and the standardization degree are high, so the supply is stable and the standard is unified. The price is also relatively competitive. At present, the arrival price of the American hay is about 380 US dollars per ton, equivalent. The renminbi is 1.17 yuan per catty." Li Cong said.
In addition, there are few varieties of domestically produced alfalfa seeds, insufficient innovation, and relatively poor logistics capacity in the main producing areas. These are the problems that need to be solved in the development of the industry. "As an emerging industry, there is still a long way to go before the development of the industry." Li Cong said.
Throughout the development experience of the industry, the national policy and the dairy market play an important role. On the one hand, the state actively supported the development of the industry, launched the “Revitalization of the Dairy Industry Development Actionâ€, and adopted a number of measures to promote the increase in the area of ​​large-scale planting.
On the other hand, the consumption level of residents is increasing day by day, and the dairy industry is welcoming more room for development. The milk production performance and intensive and standardized farming level of dairy cows are continuously improved, and the demand for high quality forage grass has increased significantly. These indicate that the industry has ushered in a good time for development. Enterprises should seize the opportunity to overcome the constraints of capital and geography, take the market demand as the center, take the initiative to attack, increase investment in the production of science and technology, talents, etc., and accelerate the development of modern industrialization.
Whether harvesting is timely or not, and whether the harvesting technology is appropriate, directly affects the quality and output of the product.
1. Castration should be timely. Castration is generally selected at the end of the buds of the buds or at the beginning of the flowering period, with an average flowering rate of 5% or less per 100 plants, and the flowering rate of 100 plants at the end of the harvesting should not exceed 10%, because the crude protein content after drying It can maintain more than 17.5% (the export product standard is not less than 17%).
2. The height of castration must be appropriate. The height of castration and stubble should be between 5-10 cm. The excessively high retention will directly affect the yield of alfalfa. If the retention is too low, it will damage the sprout of sprouting and it is not conducive to mechanical operation.
3. Drying technology should be done properly. After castration in Tianjin, it is generally dry in the field. After drying for one day, when the moisture content of the upper layer is about 30%-40%, it can be turned and ridged in the morning or evening. At this time, the leaves are not easy to fall off, thereby reducing the loss rate. It is determined by two rows of ridges or three rows of ridges, depending on the yield of the hoe, to ensure that the baler is properly fed and to increase the speed of baling.
4. The timing of the bundling should be timely. After mowing, dry for 2-3 days under sunny conditions, when the water content is less than 18%, bundle in the morning or evening to reduce the loss and breakage of the alfalfa leaves. Be careful not to put too wet cockroaches, as well as clods and hummus into the bundles, so as to avoid spoilage and deterioration.
5. The bale should be suitable. After bundling, you should enter the warehouse or board the yard as soon as possible. The bales should not be in direct contact with the ground to avoid flooding. The rain protection facilities should be covered on the rafts.
This article's website: How to plant the future of alfalfa? What are the precautions from planting to harvesting?
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