Summer seed potatoes were harvested from the first summer harvesters. The sowing date is in late June or early July, requiring a 50-day growth period after emergence. Because the seed potatoes are stored for a long period of time, they are required to be well controlled before sowing. In the low temperature 2 °C - 4 °C storage can achieve the purpose. If the pre-planting shoots grow to about 1 cm, they need to be planted under scattered light and ventilated green seedlings. Dicing or whole potato live, when the sensation is good, about 10 days emerge.
Second, the autumn potato cultivation technology
It is divided into autumn and autumn potatoes and autumn potatoes. However, the fall seed of autumn potato was seriously degraded, and the retention rate only accounted for 60%, and the yield decreased by 5% - 30%. At present, the main use of spring potato autumn seed, but the technical requirements are too strict and cumbersome, easy to die dead seedlings, resulting in out of production.
The technical points for the successful cultivation of the autumn potato are: 1 early harvest of spring potatoes, seed-breeding and aeration storage; 2 strict seed selection, elimination of degraded and dead seedlings; 3 good germination and preservation of seedlings; 4 strengthen field management. To break the dormancy, gibberellin is currently used.
1. Dicing method. Select early morning or evening on a sunny day, the temperature below 27 °C, cut in a cool and ventilated place. Strictly eliminate diseased potatoes, and the knife must be disinfected. Before and after noon in the hot and windless weather, it is not appropriate to cut into pieces.
Seed potatoes should be cut, soaked and dried. Don't wait until the cuts are piled up before they are processed. If not, the heat will be generated due to the heat of the breath. The cut surface will become sticky and will not dry easily after soaking, resulting in dead seedlings.
The concentration of gibberellic acid used for seed soaking varies slightly depending on the variety, seed storage days, germination or direct soil quality, and is generally 0.2 - 1 unit. For example, "Far harvest" uses 0.2 - 0.3 units, and "Kexin No. 1" uses 1 unit. Cut and soak for about 10 minutes. Soak the seeds and remove them. Stand on a mat and dry them with the cut surface facing upwards. The mat must be selected with a wind, shade, and a place where there is no trace of sunlight, so that the cut surface can be dried within 0.5 hours - 2 hours. To dry the standard, we must first use the thumb and the middle finger to pinch the cut piece of skin, and then use the index finger to touch the part of the cut-surface heart. This can be smooth without any stickiness. Do not dry excessively, otherwise the edges of the cuttings will change color, and the epidermis will separate from the potatoes and become lumpy. After the cut pieces are air-dried, they shall be placed on a bed of soil for layered germination. The bed shall be installed in a place away from the rain and ventilation. The bed shall be 1 meter wide and of arbitrary length. Bed soil is suitable for sandy loam and loam. Bed soil is too wet to cause bad lump, too dry to germinate. The bed soil should be ready 1 day before germination, and the humidity should reach the hand and form a group. Each layer covered with a cut, cover a thin layer of moist soil, a total of 3 -5 layers. The top layer and the bed should be covered with 5 cm to 6 cm thick soil to prevent drying. Do not spray water before and after going to bed.
After cutting into the bed for 6 days to 8 days, when the shoots grow 3 cm long, the cut outs are piled up and piled in place, and the scattered light is irradiated to make the buds green and strong. So budding 1 day - 3 days, urging more than 3 cm buds. The benefits of doing so are:
First, the root primordium has been established and can germinate and grow 2 days to 3 days after sowing. Second, the first stage of growth is germination, and the tubers use their own nutrients to develop roots, stems, and leaves. Third, the development of the main bud to a certain stage, can be implemented late sowing, so that the risk of virus seed potato virus disease is small. Fourth, it is beneficial to plant enough seeds. Fifth, the emergence period is accurate, 10 days - 15 days to emerge.
2. Whole potato processing method. The use of whole-plant sowing is currently the most effective measure to control blight and dead seedlings due to bacterial diseases. The whole potato has intact epidermis protection, and it is not easy to absorb gibberellin, so the concentration of the treatment liquid is large and the time is long. Different breeds, different degrees of dormancy, treatment measures are different: 1 short dormancy period, such as "harvest white" or germinating seed potatoes, available 2 - 5 units of gibberellin, soaking for 0.5 hours - 1 Hours, after being removed and then broadcasted in the moist soil, care should be taken to avoid drying of the potato skin and soil drying, otherwise the gibberellin will fail. 2 Long-term dormant species such as “Pulsatilla†and “Kexin 1†can be soaked in 10-15 units of gibberellin for 0.5 hour-1 hour, then deposited in a cool, ventilated and sheltered place immediately after removal. The top of the potato stack is covered with 6 cm to 7 cm thick moist fine soil and then covered with straw or matting. The large buds are planted after the greening exercise. The whole potato sprouts are slower and more irregular than the diced ones. Generally, they are completed in three batches and take about 20 days. A few varieties, such as “Wannong No. 4â€, cannot be soaked with aqueous gibberellin solution, and can be coated with a glycitin aqueous solution (gibberellin concentration 50ppm-100ppm, glycerin water 1:4).
The key point of safe sowing of autumn potatoes and ensuring seedlings early seedlings is to ensure that the soil has the cool, moist, and breathable conditions required for germination and rooting. The specific approach is: to master shallow ditch planting, thick soil to form a large ridge, in order to facilitate the preservation of temperature, cooling, ventilation. After sowing, they are continuously watered until they emerge. After the rain, they should immediately loosen the furrows so that the ridges can be breathable.
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