In order to adapt to the specialization of potato production varieties, regionalization of cultivation, operational mechanization, industrialization of operations, and food staples, a new pattern of coordinated development of potato and grain has been formed, and in particular efforts have been made to break new business entities such as large planters, family farms, and agricultural enterprises. The technical problems of large-scale mechanized planting of potatoes are now described as follows:
1. Variety selection Select the best virus-free seed potato within three generations, and according to market demand, select a variety of special, high-quality, and high-resistance varieties that meet the local ecological conditions and have been approved and promoted to meet the needs of production, processing and markets.
2. Seed potato selection and treatment Select representative and disease-free excellent virus-free seed potatoes. Whole potatoes less than 50 grams can be directly sowed, and seed potatoes larger than 50 grams should be cut according to the requirements of machine tools. When cutting, the cutting knife should be disinfected with 75% alcohol, and each potato should be 45-50 grams or more. Ensure that there are 1-2 robust eyes on each tuber, and cut the potatoes one by one to prevent crossover. infection. The use of thiophanate-methyl seed dressing for tubers reduces the incidence of disease.
3. Sowing can be used to turn 35-40 cm deep with a reversing plough before sowing, and use a rotary cultivator to turn the cultivator in a timely manner, which is conducive to conservation. When the ground temperature is stable at 10 centimeters above 10 degrees Celsius, it can be planted with a four-ridge 90 centimeter sowing machine. It can complete the operations such as ditching, sowing, earth covering and ridging in one go. It is about 8 centimeters open and about 8 centimeters covered with earth. The ridges from the time of sowing should be small, which will help to increase the ground temperature and cover the weeds during cultivating. The plant spacing is about 23 centimeters and the sowing density is 3000-3200 plants/mu. The insecticide and fungicide can be applied along with the planter.
4. The cultivator is used for the first cultivating when the potato emergence reaches 10%-20%. Before the cultivating, a spreader can be used to throw 40 kg of special fertilizer for potato. When cultivating, maintain a certain degree of soil moisture (especially if the soil is sticky and must be irrigated), and raise the ridges (ensure that the seedlings are in the middle of the ridges). Cover soil tightly, but do not break the seedlings. The ridge circumference is 100-110. In centimeters, when the height of plant is 15 centimeters, the second cultivator is required, and it is required that the ridge table be covered with soil, and it is advisable to not bury the seedlings.
5. Harvesting and harvesting is also a key part of potato cultivation, and it has to be paid attention to the quality of products. 7 days before harvest, killing was carried out in a timely manner using a killing machine to accelerate the corkation of the peel. Choose sunny days to harvest with a potato harvester, minimize breakage and mechanical damage during harvesting and transportation, ensure that the appearance of the potato block is smooth, improve commodity characteristics, and at the same time, reduce the loss of diseased rot during storage.
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