First, fine soil preparation. Greenhouse vegetable cultivation requires intensive cultivation. Before planting, it is required to be flat, fine, straight, full, and free of weeds.
Second, the choice of species. Variety selection focuses on thermophilic early-maturing or late-maturing varieties. Suitable varieties include eggplant, tomato, green pepper, cucumber, spinach, celery, cabbage vegetables, cabbage, leek, garlic, onion, kale, and radish. Melons, broccoli, purple cabbage, peas, grass poison and so on.
Third, temperature control. Vegetables grown in greenhouses are mostly thermophilic, with an optimum temperature of 26 -32°C, an upper limit of survival of 40-45°C, and a lower limit of o-3°C. When the temperature is higher than 32°C, measures should be taken to reduce the temperature, that is, to open the shed door or ventilation hole, skylight, and spray. When the temperature is lower than 5 °C to take warming measures, such as furnace heating, hot air heating, steam heating and so on.
Fourth, humidity control. Excessive air humidity in greenhouses directly affects the photosynthesis of vegetables and the absorption of mineral nutrients, and is conducive to germination and infestation of pathogenic spores. Therefore, air ventilation is needed to promote the exchange of high-humidity air in the greenhouse with the external low-humidity air and reduce the relative humidity in the shed. Adopting drip irrigation technology, mulching cultivation, and heating in the shed can also significantly reduce air humidity.
Fifth, fertilizer and water management. Basal fertilizers generally use long-term manure fertilizers, but they must be decomposed before they can be applied. The mu for 4000-5000 kilograms is mainly used in combination with deep plowing or site preparation. When fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, the general application amount per mu is 40-50 kg of superphosphate, and 15-20 kg of diammonium or compound fertilizer. Gully application can be used, in which calcium superphosphate is preferably mixed with organic fertilizer and used together. The amount of top-dressing fertilizer generally accounts for about 1/3 of the total amount of fertilizer required for the whole growing period of the crop. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer in the early stage and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are the main products in the later stage. The application methods include flushing, spreading, burying, and top dressing. Greenhouse vegetable cultivation is not only afraid of cockroaches but also scarcity of water. In addition to drip irrigation and fog irrigation, artificial irrigation is mainly used.
Six, pest control. Artificial prevention and control is mainly the removal of pests, leaves and diseased plants, physical control including selection of disease-resistant varieties, reasonable rotation, deep plowing and deep plowing. Drug control should be selected according to actual needs. In practice, it is necessary to identify the control, target of prevention, dosage and use of the drug on the label so that the drug can be prescribed.
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