First, site selection and site construction requirements
(1) Site selection: The overall requirement is high dryness, flatness and slight slope (1-3%), which is conducive to epidemic prevention, is not contaminated by infectious diseases or parasitic pathogens, and has good soil permeability (preferably sandy loam). The water supply is sufficient, the water quality is good, and the traffic is convenient. It is more than 200 meters away from the sub-highway and 300 meters from the river railway. It is more than 2 kilometers away from factories, slaughterhouses, residential areas and other polluted environments, and the power supply is guaranteed. There are suitable areas for cultivation such as orchards, artificial forests, and natural forests and grasslands. It is advisable to have natural barriers such as mountains, valleys and rivers.
(2) Distribution of chicken coops: In order to implement rotational grazing in zones, according to the actual conditions of the site, it can be evenly divided into a number of small blocks, each small block of 4-5 acres, in a moderate position to build a chicken house for a group of chicken coops Feeding and grazing. Between the chicken house and the chicken house, the chicken house and the living and office areas will be built.
(3) Construction of chicken coops: Plastic or bamboo or nylon or straw sheds, such as simple sheds or brick and wood structures. The air flow in the forest is poor, and the height of the mouth should be 2.2 meters or more. Conditional owners, it is best to use brick-and-tile constructions. In terms of construction, it is simple and cost-effective, but it is necessary to solve the problems of insulation in winter and cooling and ventilation in summer and autumn. The size of the shed is determined by the gap in the forest. The size is generally 40-60 square meters/shelf. The direction of the chicken house in the forest is determined according to the location of the chicken house and the range of activities of the chickens. The door is opened in the direction of the main activities of the chickens so that the chickens can enter and leave the house. The ground of the hen house should be more than 20 centimeters above the ground outside the house. The flat ground in the house can be laid with 150-200# concrete about 5 centimeters thick. Slightly tilt toward the house to facilitate cleaning. The ditches should be excavated around the house, draining the surrounding water and keeping the house dry. Prepare enough dams for chickens to feed feeds and drinking water. It is difficult to light the sheds in the forest. Attention must be paid to the construction of the hen house and proper lighting solutions should be provided.
(d) Fencing: The site is best isolated from the outside world by fences. In addition to using natural barriers, other areas can be planted with biological fences, hedge fences, metal nets or nylon nets, bamboo fences, and fences. Set up a disinfection tank at the entrance and exit. Set fences and other isolation facilities between the grazing and breeding areas and the auxiliary areas (living, office, warehousing, etc.) to prevent chickens from crossing the isolation facilities and reaching activities outside the grazing and breeding area. Intersection crossings are equipped with simple doors and disinfection tanks.
(5) Excreta disposal: Set up a harmless treatment site at the downwind outlet and low-lying area of ​​the site, and require a straight distance of more than 200 meters from the house to handle the waste and dead chickens. Excrement, litter, etc. are accumulated and fermented to produce organic fertilizer.
(6) Other treatment of the site: The new site is best to cut high thick weeds such as thatch and keep the sparse and low weeds and wild vegetables. Remove poisonous and harmful plants that threaten the safety of chickens and drive out animals such as natural enemies, snakes and rats. Higher and steeper ridges should be dealt with gently to facilitate the activities of the flock. Slag and landfills should be treated in the site to collect water and sludge to prevent corruption of poisons and poisonous water. The old site collects and collects excrement, pollutants, accumulation and fermentation; cleaning and disinfecting supplies, cleaning and disinfection of the housing and the surrounding environment. The grazing land is idle to restore the vegetation on the ground, and it is also possible to cultivating planting grasses and feed vegetables.
(7) Common equipment and materials: perch or litter, water supply equipment, feeding equipment, lighting equipment, feed handling equipment, chicken cage for transportation, emergency lighting, and epidemic prevention materials.
Second, feeding program
Step-by-step farming, pre-feeding (before 50 days old), late feeding (after 50 days), free-range farming, stocking time of not less than 3 months, minimum age of not less than 150 days, minimum weight of cock 3 Jin, hen 2.5 pounds. Without the use of illegal additives, commercial chickens have no residues of harmful substances such as drugs and heavy metals, which meet the relevant quality standards stipulated in the pollution-free agricultural products.
(a) Early-stage feeding, using full-priced compound feeds to allow chickens to feed freely. Reasonable grouping and control of flock density: When raising broods, 50-100 chickens per group, the initial density of 30 per square meter, with the age of the gradual decline, and according to the size of the 1-3 groups, 15-20 per square meter at the end of the brooding period. During the brooding stage, basic immunization should be done according to the main diseases identified in the local epidemic situation. Strengthen the source of disinfection and disinfection (conventional disinfection once a week), strengthen the feeding and management, enhance the resistance of the flock, and provide quality and robust qualified chicken seedlings for the free-range stage. According to climatic conditions, timely temperature.
(II) In the later period of free-range farming, feeding will be done sooner or later. Grazing land to choose orchards, forest grassland, more than three years of silver flowers, etc., put 100 per acre, the size of each group 300-500 (silver flower land not more than 50 per acre, not more than 200 per group is appropriate) , feeding at 9:00 in the morning, each chicken 20-40 grams, all day to ensure adequate supply of clean drinking water, supplemented once in the evening, each chicken 30-50 grams (feeding amount according to the chicken feed intake increase or decrease, to give feet Do not waste is appropriate). In order to promote the quality of chicken meat and increase the accumulation of flavor substances, it is necessary to appropriately extend the feeding period according to the purpose and needs, and feed the red quail such as chickens more than 4 months old, so as to reduce the breeding cost and ensure that the weight is steadily increased. In the free-range stage, bird flu and chicken Newcastle disease should be immunized. Strengthen epidemic prevention management, strictly prohibit off-site domestic animals from entering the breeding area, and personnel, vehicles, materials, etc. must strictly implement the sanitation and epidemic prevention system when entering the area, and avoid carrying the pathogen.
Third, stocking management
(I) Turnover
Transferring or transporting the temperature-reduced chicks into the stocking house, cleaning and disinfecting the stocking house 5-7 days in advance, placing persimmons or laying litter, and checking whether lighting, water supply and other facilities can be used normally. Prepare feed, transport tools, preventive drugs, etc. After the chickens have been defrosted, they will be kept in the brooding house for 3-5 days, and then transferred from the brooding house to the stocking area. The flock should be avoided as much as possible and the severe jolts on the way should be avoided to reduce the stress. Usually at night.
(II) Overdue management
From the early brooding, feeding and rearing of the chickens to the free open space in the later period, the intermediate chickens must be over-fed for 1-2 weeks, mainly for de-warming. Take care of feeding, open the door during the day, let the chicken free access, and gradually adapt to the stocking environment. One is the gradual overfeeding change; the second is the gradual oversupply of feed, feeding 1 time in the evening, turning on the light for 2 hours, feeding feed and drinking water; the third is to add multidimensional electrolytes in the drinking water for 3-5 consecutive days from the de-warm. The stress caused by the change of feed and environment in the flock is 1-2 days after transfer to the new home environment. Ofloxacin is added to drinking water.
(III) Management of stocking stage
1. Inducing insects: Insect season In the evening, after the evening, the black light or high-pressure moth-killing lamp is suspended in the front activity room of the shed with a 2-3 meter high position from the ground for 2-3 hours or 2-3 per acre. Personalized hormone trap box to attract food, increase food source, increase free-range chicken protein nutrition, improve chicken quality.
2. Focus chickens to make up the feeding: feed chickens with fixed passwords, turn on the lights in the evening, gather chickens and let the chickens form conditioned reflexes until the chickens naturally develop supplementary feeding habits.
3, group feeding reasonable grazing: strict control of stocking density and size of the group, the best male and female chickens, strong and weak groups feeding, the site of a reasonable rotational grazing, to reduce the destruction of the vegetation on the ground vegetation.
4, to prevent accidental injury: usually pay attention to pesticide poisoning and rodent animal damage, wind and rain hail approaching the time to call the chicken back to the shed, was free of wind and rain hail damage.
5. Guaranteed quality: It is forbidden to use any drugs for chickens within 20 days before slaughter, so as to ensure the quality of commercial chickens.
6. All in and out: After the flocks are all slaughtered, do a good job of cleaning and disinfecting the empty homes and supplies. The stocking site should be vacant or artificially cultivated for more than two months to facilitate the degradation of the manure and the restoration of the surface vegetation, so as to prepare for the next batch of chickens entering the stockade.
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