According to the latest issue of the Journal of the American Chemical Society, an international team including Canadian researchers has developed a new type of graphene sensor. The biosensor not only has a very high sensitivity for detecting cholera toxin, but also provides early diagnosis for cancer and other infectious diseases. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is an optical technique for medical diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. The researchers found that the addition of graphene can cause the SPR sensor signal to multiply, allowing a single molecule ultra-thin layer to anchor specific disease signals.
The sensor detects cholera toxins in a matter of minutes, compared to hours or even days of current detection techniques. The technology can also be extended to detect almost any disease marker, including cancer.
In addition to being faster, the sensor has been able to detect smaller amounts of biomarkers more easily, creating conditions for early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer and other diseases, the researchers said. This means that the biomarker of the disease can be detected simply by using a drop of acupuncture blood sample from the patient.
SPR biosensors are significantly more sensitive than standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and laboratory-grown graphene proves to be more suitable for developing new sensors than other forms of graphene previously used. The graphene growth technique known as chemical vapor deposition creates large-area single-layer graphene with virtually no defects, while the uniformity of the graphene surface contributes to the amplification of the sensor signal.
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