Blood Bank: Is it feasible?

Release date: 2015-02-02

Recently, a 5-year-old girl from Fujian Province has caused widespread concern in the society due to the transfusion of AIDS. Subsequently, the Fujian Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission announced the results of the investigation, saying that the girl is very likely to be infected with AIDS due to the infusion of “window” blood during the operation.

The so-called "window period" means that when a virus enters the human body, it takes a period of time for the blood to produce the virus antibody, which can be detected. The shortest time that the infectious virus can be detected is called the "window period". This is the risk that all human blood transfusion treatments rely on existing testing methods without circumvention.

At the same time that the risk of allogeneic blood transfusion has drawn people's attention, the Chongqing Evening News reported that the Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (hereinafter referred to as “Southwest Hospital”) in Chongqing is building a “blood bank”. Just like depositing money into a bank, the public can also take certain blood in the hospital during physical health, in case they need it in the future.

Can the establishment of “blood bank” effectively avoid the risks brought by allogeneic blood transfusion? Can the quality of blood stored for a long time be guaranteed? How is the cost of healthy blood storage? These problems have become the focus of discussion.

Healthy blood storage for later use

As a health blood storage project being carried out by Southwest Hospital, “blood bank” means that when the public is very healthy, they can go to the hospital to collect their blood or blood components and save them by technical means. When I have urgent needs Then, return to yourself. Jiang Tianlun, director of the Department of Hematology at Southwest Hospital, said that this method can not only avoid the shortage of blood supply, but also reduce the risk during blood transfusion.

Specifically, before performing healthy blood storage, the hospital will first check the blood reservoir to ensure that the body weight is above 45 kg. There is no health problem such as viral infection, tumor or disease during blood collection. If the body is not suitable for storing blood, the hospital will inform you to arrange another time. If the storage conditions are met, the hospital will collect blood for the blood reservoir and sign the "Health Storage Service Contract". Then, the hospital will give each bag of blood a unique barcode, number and other information to distinguish different people's blood bags, and then into the warehouse. When a blood donor has a health accident, the Blood Bank will promptly store the stored blood to the hospital. If there are other uses in the middle, you can also come to the hospital for extraction.

According to Jiang Tianlun, the health reserve has been open for appointment. It is expected that the public will be able to go to the hospital to formally collect blood in March this year. The longest shelf life of healthy blood storage is 10 years. Each time, the blood collection volume is 400 ml, and the blood collection time is about 15,000 to 20,000 yuan.

For the cost of blood collection, Jiang Tianlun said that because the cost of storing blood is very high, it is necessary to purchase special equipment for storage, which has a long storage time and requires large power support. The blood storage temperature needs to be constant at -80 °C to ensure that the blood does not break within 10 years. Plus management costs, the hospital has no money to earn.

Theoretically and technically feasible

For a new thing like "Blood Bank", Han Zhongchao, a professor at the Peking Union Medical College of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and director of the National Stem Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, told the Journal of the Chinese Journal of Science that he stored healthy blood in the "blood bank" in case of emergency. In theory, it is ok.

According to Han Zhongchao, in general, simple cell storage needs to be placed in a small tube and stored in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C to allow it to "hibernate." The blood volume is relatively large and can be stored frozen in an environment of -80 ° C and can be stored for a long time. For blood that is used only if it needs to be stored for a while, it can be stored in an environment of 2 ° C ~ 6 ° C with a preservative.

For blood cryopreservation, Bai Lianjun, director of the Department of Blood Transfusion, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, also said that this is technically mature. "It has been used in China for decades. It has been used in the 1970s and is now used clinically. It is mainly used for cryopreservation of rare blood types, such as Rh-negative blood type, commonly known as panda blood, etc. Thaw again."

In Han Chung-hsiang's view, when people have some blood in their health, they can use their own blood when they need blood for surgery or other special circumstances. Of course, it is good.

"Many infectious diseases are transmitted through blood, there are contact infections, and blood transfusions. Therefore, people store some healthy blood or blood cells at a young age to cope with future needs. It is a good supplement and a solution to the blood shortage problem. One of the ways." Han Zhongchao said, "Of course we should continue to publicize and encourage everyone to donate blood, but healthy blood donors are still limited. In terms of medical prevention and treatment needs, there is a breakthrough in technology that can bring blood. Or blood cells are kept in reserve for urgent use, which should be a recommended behavior."

From a larger perspective, Han Zhongchao believes that in China, such “blood banks”, “cell banks” or “organized banks” are actually needed. "Because China now has a higher number of carriers of hepatitis, AIDS and other pathogenic microorganisms. Some people with special blood types are also more difficult to obtain blood from outside." Han Zhongchao said, "So, whether it is whole blood storage The preservation of immune cells in the blood, the storage of stem cells, or the preservation of tissues and organs are scientifically theoretically significant. The main thing is how to do it, and it should depend on the conditions and needs of individuals and places."

Need to further explore

Although Han Zhongchao believes that the establishment of “blood bank” can play some positive roles, he also stressed that there must be several prerequisites for conducting healthy blood storage services.

“First of all, the organization that conducts healthy blood storage services should be qualified to handle and cryopreserved blood, and to ensure that there is no risk of contamination or infection during the treatment. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the cells are alive after blood is thawed. See the technique of cryopreservation and thawing of blood.” Han Zhongchao said, “In addition, there are cost issues. If the cost of healthy blood storage is too high, people may be more inclined to allogeneic blood transfusion. Now blood storage is indeed more expensive. Healthy storage To promote and use blood projects, at least these three aspects need to be considered."

In Han Zhongchao's view, if all three conditions can be guaranteed, there is a qualified team to carry out the standard operation, it will not cause pollution, and the technology of freezing and thawing is very good, and healthy blood storage can be carried out. “The public may need to know in detail the actual situation of the institution that conducts the health care storage service, determine whether the technical level is guaranteed, and then measure it according to its own economic ability and various factors, and then decide whether it should be carried out.”

In the view of Bai Lianjun, the public needs to be cautious about the “blood bank” that has just emerged.

"As far as I know, for the preservation of personal autologous blood, all hospitals in China are currently doing it. Patients can pre-store some of their own blood before surgery, and store it in a normal 2 ° C ~ 6 ° C environment, not deep. Keep cryopreservation for autologous blood transfusion," Bai Lianjun said. "It is good to have people bleed to save when they are healthy, but there are other issues to consider."

"You can't guarantee that you are sick in a place where you can store healthy blood. If you store healthy blood in a hospital in a certain area, if you go to a hospital far away from the area to get medical treatment, how can this blood go?" Said, "And, the cost standard for the preservation of whole blood by individuals is still not clear. The state does not specify this. Now, only the cord blood of the Oriental Marrow Bank has a clear charging standard. In addition, it is still involved. Legal permission issues?"

"So, 'blood bank' is not a simple question, and many aspects are worth exploring. Moreover, the state does not have a clear rule to guide what should be done. The media and the public still need to look at it calmly," Bai Lianjun said.

Source: Chinese Journal of Science

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