Onion also known as onion, onion, onion, onion, is Liliaceae allium, is a 2-year-old herb. There are many claims about the origin of onions, but most of them think that onions are more likely to be found in the highland regions of southwestern Asia, Central Asia, Iran, Asia, and Afghanistan, because wild types of onions can still be found in these regions.
The origin of the onion has been more than 5,000 years old. It reached Egypt in 1000 BC and was later spread to the Mediterranean. It was introduced to the United States in the 16th century, Japan in the 17th century, and China in the early 20th century.
Onions are widely distributed in our country and are cultivated in all parts of the country, and the planting area is still expanding. It is one of the main vegetables in our country. China has become one of the four countries with a large onion production volume (China, India, the United States, and Japan).
Since onions originate in the continental climate zone, the local climate changes drastically, the air is dry, and the soil moisture has obvious seasonal changes. Therefore, due to the long-term adaptation of the onion to the special environment during the development of the system, not only the morphological occurrence of onions The changes - shortened stem disks, hi wet roots, drought-tolerant leaf types, bulbs with storage functions, also have a certain degree of physiological adaptability. During the period of vegetative growth, cool temperatures, moderate intensity light, loose, fertile, water-retentive soils, low air humidity, high soil moisture, and cold-tolerance, hi-humidity, and hi-fertility characteristics are required. Not resistant to high temperatures, light, drought, and barrenness. It enters a dormant period during long days of high temperature.
The onion uses a fat meat bulb as an edible organ and is rich in nutrients. According to the determination, the fresh onion has a moisture content of about 88 grams per 100 grams, a protein of 1-1.8 grams, a fat of 0.3-0.5 grams, a carbohydrate of 5-8 grams, and a crude fiber of 0.5. Grams, heat 130 dry coke, calcium 12 mg, phosphorus 46 mg, iron 0.6 mg, vitamin C14 mg, nicotinic acid 0.5 mg, riboflavin 0.05 mg, thiamine 0.08 mg, and carrot nucifera 1.2 mg. It also contains caffeic acid, sinapinic acid, cinnamic acid, citrates, polysaccharides, and various amino acids. Volatile oil is rich in allicin, mercaptan, trisulfide and so on. Flower buds, pollen, anthers, etc. all contain carotene. The tearing ingredient of onion is alliin, and the S-propenyl-L-hemisteine ​​hydrosulfide contained in the onion is a precursor of the ring alliin. Under alkaline conditions, the ring can be synthesized Amino acid.
Onion sugar, protein and various inorganic salts, vitamins and other nutrients play a role in the metabolism of the body, better regulate nerves, increase memory, its volatile components also have a strong stimulation of appetite, help digestion, promote absorption and other functions . Containing diallyl disulfide and alliin, etc. can also reduce blood cholesterol and triglyceride content, which can play a role in preventing vascular hardening.
Onion is warm and sweet. There are phlegm, diuretic, stomach and intestines, detoxification and insecticidal functions. Can cure loss of appetite, poor bowel movements, dysentery, enteritis, intestinal accumulation of abdominal pain, wound ulcers, Chibai vaginal discharge and other illnesses. The prostaglandin A contained in onion has obvious antihypertensive effect, and the similar substances contained in sulfasamide have a certain hypoglycemic effect. It can inhibit the increase of blood fat caused by high-fat diet and prevent and treat arteriosclerosis. Onion extract also has a bactericidal effect, which can increase gastrointestinal tract tension and increase gastrointestinal secretion. There is a peptide substance in onions that can reduce the incidence of cancer.
Onions are fine in texture, suitable for stir-frying, can be cooked, or used as seasonings, and have high yield and storage, long supply period. They are very important for adjusting market demand and solving low-season supply. Onion is also an important raw material for food processing industry. And export the main commodity vegetables.
Sulfur amino acids have the effect of lowering blood lipids and blood pressure. Prostaglandin A has the effects of dilating blood vessels, lowering blood viscosity, and preventing thrombosis.
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