Due to high humidity, poor ventilation, and weak light in the greenhouse, reasonable control of pruning is a key technique for controlling tomato growth, preventing diseases, promoting flower bud and fruit development, and obtaining higher yields. Trimming tomatoes can control disease occurrence, increase fruit set rate, early maturity, increase single fruit weight, improve fruit uniformity, make fruit development and coloring well, and can significantly increase yield and improve quality.
One, single stem pruning method
Single pruning method is a kind of pruning method commonly used in tomato production. When carrying out single stem pruning, only one stem is left per plant, all the lateral branches are gradually removed, and the trunk also has a certain number of ear tips. When snoring, you should generally leave 1-3 leaves. It is not advisable to break from the base to prevent damage to the trunk. Leaves and burrows can increase the area of ​​nutrition, promote plant growth and development, in particular, can promote the growth and development of fruit near the earthworm. When topping, generally leave 2-3 leaves at the top of the last fruit, otherwise the growth and development of the ear will be greatly affected, and even fruit drop or stunting, yield and quality will be significantly reduced. The single stem pruning method has the advantages of suitable close planting, good precociousness, and simple technology. The disadvantage is that the use of larger seedlings increases the cost, and the plants are susceptible to premature senescence and the total yield is not high.
Second, double dry pruning method
The double-dry pruning method is based on the single stem pruning method, except for leaving the main trunk and selecting one side branch as the second main result branch. Generally, the first side branch under the first inflorescence should be left, because according to the principle of nutrient transport from the "source" to the "library" and the principle of nutrition and ipsilateral transportation, this main branch is relatively robust, has fast growth and development, and can soon be associated with The trunk grows in parallel and develops. The management of the double dry pruning method is the same as the management of the single pruning method. The double dry pruning can save seed and nursery expenses, the plant has a long growth period, has a long growing season, has a long result period, and has a high yield. Its disadvantages are low early yield and poor early maturity.
Third, the improved single stem pruning method
While the main trunk is single-pruned and pruned, the first lateral branch under the first inflorescence is retained, and 2-3 leaves are left to be picked after the knot 1-2. The improved single stem pruning method combines the advantages of the single stem pruning method and the double stem pruning method, and it is worth promoting in production.
Fourth, three dry pruning method
On the basis of double dry pruning, the first side branch under the second inflorescence of the first stem or the first side branch under the first inflorescence of the second stem is retained as the third stem, so that each tomato has three large stems. This pruning method is rarely used in cultivation, but has application in tomato seed production.
Fifth, continuous picking head replacement pruning method
When the second inflorescence of the trunk has bloomed, the base leaves 2-3 leaves topping. The trunk is called the first result branch, and the first branch under the first inflorescence of the first result branch is retained as the second result branch. The second branch of the second inflorescence after flowering leaves 2-3 leaves on it to pick up the heart, leaving the second branch of the first branch of the first inflorescence to produce the third branch of fruit, and so on. Each tomato can leave 4-5 or more fruiting branches. For small fruit varieties such as cherry tomatoes, it is also possible to use three-pick picking for head replacement, but this pruning method requires sufficient fertilizer and water to prevent premature aging.
Six, inverted "U"-shaped pruning method
In combination with a bow frame, the tomato is first managed by single stem pruning and then tied to a shelf. The highest point of the bow frame is basically the same as the height of the third fruit of the tomato. In this way, when the upper part of the tomato plant is flowering, the upper spike is reduced due to the reduction of the height of the arch, thereby improving its nutritional status and increasing the yield and quality of the upper ear. Using this pruning method should always go to the old leaves and diseased leaves to prevent the plant from closing and affecting the ventilation and light transmission.
Plants with viral disease should be individually pruned to avoid human transmission. In the process of pruning, the side branches which do not result in branches on the plants should not be destroyed prematurely, generally 1-2 leaves should be left to make nutrients to assist the trunk growth. Snoring and topping should be done in the sunny afternoon to facilitate wound healing. Do not perform it on rain or when the water is not dry to prevent infection by pathogens. In addition, bound vines and plant correction should also be carried out in conjunction with pruning. Old leaves, diseased leaves, and invalid leaves that have lost their function should be removed in time.
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