I. Symptoms and characteristics: The disease occurs in various growth periods of sweet and hot peppers, and it can be soaked in roots, stems, leaves, and fruits.
The main symptoms of disease at the seedling stage are as follows: the base of the stem appears as a dark green, water-soaked lesion or falls. The rhizome develops necrotic and rot with the disease, and when the humidity is high, it appears wet and rot, eventually causing the seedlings to wither and die.
The incidence of leaves, mostly from the edge of the leaf began to dip, lesions appear dark green water immersion, lesions are nearly round or irregular, the rapid expansion of the diseased leaves cause rot or dead.
The damage to the stems, the symptoms are similar to the leaves, and it also produces watery lesions. The lesions are as long as 7-10 cm after expansion, the lesions turn dark brown later, the cortex softens and decays, and often breaks from the diseased part.
The fruit is affected. First, it appears as a water-soaked lesion. It appears dark green, and the lesions spread rapidly. The skin becomes brown and soft rot, and the fruits fall off or become dehydrated. The surface of the fruit is prone to produce a white mold layer, and is susceptible to secondary bacterial infections, resulting in offensive odors.
Second, the incidence of law:
The pathogenic bacteria of the disease is Phytophthora capsici. The pathogenic bacteria are borne by oospore in the surface sickness or soil. The oospore can directly or germinate into zoospores and invade the host larvae or rhizomes. Plants with wounds are conducive to invasion of pathogens. At the time of onset, there is a clear epidemiological center. The pathogens mainly spread with irrigation water in the shed. Spilling wind and rain and agricultural operations can all cause disease transmission. Heavily cultivated and long-term continuous cropping plots are more serious. The soil moisture content is high, and the air humidity in the greenhouse is large. When the temperature is 27-30°C, it is extremely explosive.
Third, prevention and control strategies:
1. Strictly implement crop rotation: Avoid continuous cropping with Solanaceae crops, preferably crop rotation with leafy vegetables, onion and garlic, corn, and root vegetables;
2. Clean garden: After harvesting the former crop, clean the garden in time, deepen the land, and bring the sick body out of the garden to burn or deepen, which can effectively reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria;
3, selection of disease-resistant varieties, the implementation of high ridge cultivation;
4, nurturing strong seedlings: Colonization seedling age 80-100 days, plant height 15-20 cm, stem diameter 0.2 cm, 80% of buds planting, planting a reasonable close planting, mu density 3000-3500 strains;
5, the implementation of soil testing and formulating fertilization: the application of adequate decomposition of organic fertilizer, to avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; spraying growth strong Zhuang Feng Feng, vegetative and other foliage fertilizer can increase plant disease resistance;
6, a reasonable fertilizer: to avoid flood irrigation, as a small water pouring, fertilization should also be less and diligent; protective ground production to minimize air humidity;
7, pharmaceutical control:
(1) Seed treatment: soaking seeds with 10% formalin for 30 minutes before sowing, then rinsing, germination and sowing;
(2) Seedbed treatment: Spray the seedbed with 3000-4000 times of green hengheng No. 1 before sowing; repeat the use of drugs once before transplanting, and use 1 gram of green hengheng No. 1 per square meter;
(3) Prevention and treatment at the onset stage: Apply 50% amethricone 800 times solution or 69% ank manganese 800 times solution, 72.2% prick water solution 600 times solution and spray the root in the initial stage of disease; combine watering Sub-mu application of 96% copper sulfate 3 kg, can achieve better control effect;
(4) In the production of greenhouses, chlorothalonil smoke can be used to prevent disease and reduce the humidity in the greenhouse.
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