Plowing and soil preparation is an important part of the labor intensity in agricultural production. At the present stage, we mainly use a rotary cultivator with a hand-held tractor to cultivate the land. With the adjustment of agricultural structure and the development of special agricultural products, it is necessary not only to improve the technical efficiency of the cultivated land and to optimize the structure of the model, but also to guarantee the quality of cultivated land with special agronomic requirements. In view of the current situation, with the aim of low operating cost and high work efficiency, the selection and model of large and medium tractor cultivator land and technology, and the development and production of cultivated land preparation for the special and special products of Huizhou are the only way to improve the new value of agricultural machinery operations.
I. Large and medium-sized tractors and ploughing and arranging lands are the main means for cultivating specialty agricultural products
The rural land resources are limited, but the multi-structure planting model, ie, rice-vegetable-vegetable-vegetable rotation, can increase the multiple cropping index and increase the land productivity. There are ridge cropping, flat cropping, ditching, and shallow ditch diversification for crop cultivation. After the harvest of different crops, stubble, roots, and stems are criss-cross and complex. If the tractor is used for cultivation, there are four major problems that cannot be solved: 1 The weeding phenomenon of the crop is serious during the operation and the crop cannot be cultivated normally. 2 In case of continuous drought in the weather, the farmland in the paddy field missed the season, resulting in the compaction and dry cracking of the soil. In the dry land, the soil in the tillage layer is particularly hard, and the dry crops need to be sowed for cash crops. Weeds are piled with weeds, such as the use of low-power walking tractors to operate in such an environment. 3 winter is a major feature of Huizhou, mainly rice rotation. Such as winter kinds of plum, need to open deep ditch water storage irrigation Meicai; planting sweet corn, potato, pepper, sweet potato, tomato, bitter gourd generally ridge high ridge convex; kind of winter melon land ridge height and need pedestrians Shallow ditch, deep drainage ditch around the area... These fields are difficult to walk with hand-held machines. 4 The machine is equipped with a single machine, and the power power is insufficient when the ploughing, crushing, and ditching (ripping) operations are completed in one operation. Therefore, selection and demonstration of large and medium tractor farming techniques can improve the farming environment, broaden the field of farming, and meet the agricultural production area.
Second, the selection of tractors and supporting equipment
Generally 18.4 ~ 36.8 kw is divided into medium tractors, 36.8 kw or more are large tractors. Supporting agricultural machinery mainly includes plows, cooking utensils, sowing fertilizers, returning machines, trenching machines, rotary cultivators, rotary ridge ridge suppressing machines, extermination ridge mulchers, and agricultural trailers. The key to buying and using large and medium-sized tractors lies in the matching of types and equipment.
1. Tractor selection
Select tractors based on tillage performance:
The application of tractors below 36.8 kw in paddy fields is more suitable because the high-powered tractors are heavier in quality and have higher wheel heights. They tend to damage the bottom layer of paddy fields during farming, affecting the effects of irrigation, water storage, and fertilization. Large-scale tractors are used in cash crop cultivation. Such as Huizhou's flowers, wax gourds and banana bases, Dongfenghong-x1304 large-scale tractors are used for cultivation; while for the vegetable rotation, New Holland snh904 and Futian ta804 tractors are used.
2. Reasonable support for various farming equipment
In recent years, Huizhou large and medium-sized tractor cultivator land cultivating equipment, the first practical, Yipu type, followed by increased demonstration applications, such as trencher, disc harrow, rotary tillage seeder. The experience of the matching equipment selection is:
1) Selection of plows: The principle is to choose a plow with a deeper plough depth and better coverage of vegetation. The plowshare combination can achieve a change in the total ploughing width and adapt to the plowing in the south. Guangxi 1lm30 series medium type plow with three plows, single plow plowing 300,350,380,400,450cm five specifications matching. The wider the ploughing width is, the more tractor power is required. For example, the l1303d Sanhe plow is equipped with a medium drag force of 32.85-43.8 kw. If 1ld345 three-plow plows are used, the tractor power is required to be 62-73 kw.
2) Selection of cooking utensils: It can adapt to the cultivation of soil in dry soil. In general, paddy soils in dry lands are replaced by rotary cultivator operations. Dry land supporting large and medium-sized tractor disc harrows, star-shaped rakes, lop plowing on the basis of the effect is more effective than the rotary ploughing operation, but Huizhou City, the current application is less, most of the hand-rolling machine supporting bar rolling flat ground.
3) Rotary cultivator is the most extensive equipment for large and medium-sized tractors. The principle of matching selection is as follows: The cultivating range of the optional rotary cultivator should be greater than the margin of the driving wheel of the tractor; otherwise, ploughing and repeated cultivation will occur. Such as the cultivator 180cm rotary cultivator supporting 36.5 ~ 43.8kw tractor, ploughing 200cm matching 43.8 ~ 58.3kw tractor.
Should choose to strengthen the framework, a variety of variable speed and high position gear box rotary cultivator, such as Xi'an Asia and Australia Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. 1gqnb series rotary cultivator, is a high multi-speed rotary cultivator, the output power angle angle level, transmission Load balance. Rotary ridger is a new machine to improve the base of rotary cultivator, which can be used for one-time soil turning, rotary cultivating and crushing, and ditching and ridging (cracking) to change the power shortage of hand-supporting rotary ridger, such as Dongguan Jinhua. The production of 1gql-120, 1gql-180, 1gql-240 rotary ridge cultivators can be adjusted according to local agronomic conditions. The planting of cash crops at the winter planting base in Huizhou is widely used.
3. When purchasing a product, consider the factors
Brand, cost-effectiveness, and affordability of users are all factors that must be taken into consideration when purchasing.
At present, there are more brand models and brand names, which have been approved by the national and provincial certificates to enter the agricultural machinery subsidy list. However, the manufacturers are located in Jiangsu, Hebei, Shandong, and other places. When purchasing, they need to go to the local agent sales department to select. Huizhou Xindidi, Jinyusheng, and Jifeng Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. have all obtained the qualification certificate of the agency of the Guangdong Provincial Department of Agriculture, and the after-sales service and parts supply are guaranteed.
In terms of cost performance, tractors of the same model and the same specifications will be equipped with diesel engines of different brands. In this way, their dynamic performance and economy are comparable. In addition, the selection configuration must also be scrutinized: the choice of luxury air-conditioned or economical cab, optional flat tire or high birth tire drive tires, front and rear counterweight structure, paddy field sealing device, two or four-wheel drive, can Wheel alignment, operation of mechanical steering or hydraulic steering, single or double acting clutches, etc., should all be reasonably configured. In recent years, large and medium-sized tractors have been constantly updated in their deployment and innovation, and their comparability is very strong, and their application effects are significantly different. Therefore, they can be combined with the user's economic affordability, and the purchase is a self-cultivation or cultivative service management service. Model and configuration.
Third, the method
1) In large and medium-sized tractor cultivator field technology, in addition to a good selection of the type of clearance, the purchase should also be done when you want to open; two checks (product certification, three packs of evidence); three look at the machine condition, the appearance of the machine is neat , smooth, no trachoma, cracks or burrs, no rust, tires without bulging, cracks, parts without defects; four touch conditions have three leakage phenomenon, especially the box junction, seal; five test car, check the speed, Walking, steering, braking, suspension, lifting, flexible and reliable operation, bright lighting. The supporting agricultural machinery is tested together with the test machine to ensure that the machine condition is normally good.
2) Do a good job of pre-propaganda, do a good job of piloting the demonstration households at the site, tilt the production base of the leading company, and radiate and drive the surrounding farmers. Organize hands-on operations and user exchanges to introduce working methods and maintenance skills. Make a good research and verification. Do one machine one. The license is complete, safety is first, and production safety is correct. Guide the standard operation service standards.
After the efforts of large and medium-sized tractors, the large and medium-sized tractors in Huizhou City saw a large increase. In 2010, the number of large and medium-sized tractors increased by more than 900 units. This improved the manual machine cultivation can not meet the current situation of agricultural production environment, and played the advantages of large and medium-sized tractors to improve the farming efficiency. , Increase the land yield of multiple cropping index, highlighting the role of large and medium tractors and supporting equipment.
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