First, the factors that affect the utilization of boron in soil
Boron is one of the 16 elements necessary for the growth of crops. Sandy soil areas with good seepage and high rainfall or constant irrigation have strong leakage and are most likely to suffer from boron deficiency. Therefore, boron is often needed; in soils with a pH greater than 7, the boron ion activity decreases with increasing alkalinity. The absorption and utilization rate of crops is reduced; soil organic matter content is low, drought and low temperature will reduce the utilization of boron in soil; borate ion is the most common form of boron ions, and its mobility in the soil is very strong, second only to nitrate Ions are easily lost or fixed with water in the soil. Frequent droughts in the northern regions also affect crops' absorption and utilization of boron in the soil. The above factors make the boron, which is originally low in the soil, absorbed by crops and used again, which will be greatly reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid blindness for crops and to increase the scientific nature. The main application is foliar application. Assisted by measures such as returning straw to farmland, increasing application of organic fertilizers, strengthening cultivator, and increasing the amount of boron in the soil and the environment.
Second, the use of boron fertilizer effect and boron technology
1. Effect. At present, the country is already in cotton, rape, apple, peach, rice, tobacco, tomato, corn, millet, wheat, barley, peanuts, broad beans, Chinese cabbage, cucumber, radish, peas, cauliflower, onion, cowpea, garlic, spinach, The boron fertilizer test was conducted on more than 30 kinds of crops such as celery, generally increasing the yield by 15% to 30%, and the higher ones by more than one time. However, the application of boron fertilizer in a large area is limited to a few crops such as rape, citrus, and cotton, and most of them are limited to the application of boron to the soil.
2. Common boron fertilizer types. Although the majority of farmers in the production of boron on the basis of some understanding, but because of the market supply of boron products are mixed, there are many shortcomings, thus affecting agricultural production, resulting in loss of revenue. Currently used domestic boron-supplying products mainly include: industrial borax, also known as borax decahydrate (molecular formula Na2B4O710H2O), boric acid sodium salt content of 95%, pure boron content of 10.9%, is a colorless transparent crystal or white powder, is our country The most commonly used boron-supplying products are mainly used for soil-based application, and some are sprayed. The disadvantages are hard to dissolve in water, the aqueous solution is alkaline, and cannot be mixed with most pesticides. The utilization of boron is low, and the effect of boron is limited. It is extremely inconvenient to use in agriculture. Boron-magnesium fertilizer: The main component is magnesium sulfate (molecular formula H3BO3MgSO4), which is a by-product of borax production. The content of boron is about 0.6%. Boron for crops with serious boron deficiency and large amounts of boron (peanut, broccoli, etc.) is extremely limited. However, due to the rapid increase in the market price of borax in recent years, a large amount of boron and magnesium fertilizers have appeared in the agricultural resources market in the form of agricultural boron fertilizer and agricultural borax, which has greatly damaged the interests of farmers.
The new type of agricultural boron used in agriculture, which has been widely used in agriculture, includes: Susann Boron produced by the American Borax Group, Boron withholding capacity, and Red Boron produced by British CMI. The fertilizer overcomes the common disadvantages of low boron content, poor solubility, low absorption rate and slow rate of commonly used boron fertilizers, which can quickly correct the symptoms of boron deficiency in crops, improve the boron content of the soil, and ensure that the crops receive sufficient boron during their growth. Supply, increase crop yield and quality. Boron is a boron-containing soil with white pellets. The content of pure boron is 15%, and the content of boric acid sodium salt is ≥95%. The boron is white, extremely fine powdered and sprayed with boron. The content of pure boron is 20.5%. , The content of sodium borate salt is ≥98%; Red A boron is boron fertilizer applied to ultrafine powdery foliar, the pure boron content is 21.8%, and the content of sodium borate salt is ≥99%. It is the highest boron content in the world. Fertilizer products: Boron is suitable for base fertilizer, Red A Boron and Sonic Boron have the property of quickly dissolving in water at low temperature, high efficiency absorption, neutral aqueous solution, can be sprayed after mixing with other pesticides, production It is very convenient to use.
3. Use technology. There are two main methods for the application of boron fertilizer in crop production: first, base fertilizer application, mixing with other fertilizers or organic fertilizers, and applying the soil before the crop is sown; second, as an extra-root fertilizer, during the cropping Buds, buds, flowering stages, spikes, scabs, seed filling stage, tuberous root, tuber inflating period and other growth periods were chosen to spray 2 or 3 times. At the end of application, foliar spraying, combined with long-term return of straw, organic fertilizer, continued improvement of soil physical and chemical properties, increase soil available boron content and utilization.
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