With vigorous propaganda in recent years, the area for promoting the cultivation of apple tree dwarf and dense planting has expanded year by year, especially in the central and western regions of China. In October 2011, the author investigated, sampled, and tested the saplings of young trees in the new apple tree dwarf close planting gardens in these areas and discovered that there are some problems as mentioned below that need to be given high priority.
I. Miscellaneous sources of seedlings, quality insecure
From the investigation, seedlings are mostly seedlings purchased by fruit farmers from small fairs, with 0.4-0.5 yuan per plant. Individual orchards are breeding bases for breeding. Most of these dwarf apple seedlings are two-year-old seedlings. The seedlings are of low quality, poor adaptability, and weak tree vigor. The result is late. The completed dwarf close planting garden only began to produce results 5 to 6 years later than the test park and demonstration park 1 to 2 years. Some fruit growers transplanted these types of apple seedlings and grafted them into varieties that they felt were of good quality. Some fruit growers did not believe in the varieties of apple seedlings and changed them. As a result, some dwarfing seedlings form four segments of the root anvil-dwarf anvil-variety 1 - variety 2.
Second, there are many kinds of virus diseases, and the compound infection rate is high
Data from laboratory tests showed that the incidence of mosaic disease in dwarf close planting gardens ranges from 10% to 50%, which is higher than Qiaohuayuan. The incidence of each virus among the three major latent viruses in apple orchards is more than 80%. , And compound infection. The combined infestation of these viruses results in a weakening of the dwarf tree growth, premature aging of the fruit trees, and affects the yield and quality of fruit.
Third, the high incidence of rust fruit virus will seriously affect the quality of fruit
In the surveyed dwarf close planting gardens, fruit farmers reported that rust-infected strains were common. According to the test results, the fruit growers found that all the diseased strains of the disease suffered from rust and fruit poisoning, and the random collection rate of samples was higher than 60%. , significantly higher than Qiao Huayuan. Rust fruit disease (also known as flower face disease) has the greatest impact on apple quality and commodity value. These viruses have only visible symptoms on fruits and no symptoms on leaves, branches and other organs, so the virus disease is not only harmful but also Concealed. At the same time, the disease is spread through grafting, pruning and rooting in the orchard. It is the fastest-growing type of apple tree virus and can easily lead to the destruction of the garden.
Fourth, fruit growers urgently need to cultivate management technical support and services
Through investigation, there are significant differences in fruit tree growth, tree shape, growth consistency, yield, etc. between the two types of management parks in the test park (including the demonstration park) and the ordinary park, and the income difference between the farmers is 1 to 3 times. Some ordinary orchards have a poor quality of management due to poor management, resulting in confined orchards. Farmers lack experience in the management of dwarf dense planting trees and urgently need technical guidance on cultivation management and pest control.
5. There is an urgent need for non-toxic seedlings or virus-free seedlings for fruit growers, but no way to purchase them
As apple prices have risen steadily in recent years, the return of good farmers has attracted many people to start planting apple trees or updating old parks. The fruit growers recognized the non-toxic seedlings or virus-free seedlings, but the seedlings market was relatively confusing. First, all said that their own apple seedlings were virus-free seedlings or even virus-free seedlings, but they did not have corresponding access, certification, and inspection certificates. Apple seedlings are mixed and there is no way to distinguish between fruit growers. Second, the price of seedlings varies greatly. From one yuan to one ten yuan, most farmers only consider the investment cost and buy less expensive apple seedlings. Third, they are guaranteed non-toxic. The supply of seedlings and virus-free seedlings is too small. Most growers have no access or simply do not know where to buy real healthy apple seedlings.
Sixth, suggestion
In response to the above-mentioned problems found in the investigation of virus disease in apple dwarf close planting gardens, it is recommended that the prevention and control measures of non-toxic seedlings and non-toxic cultivation and management be adopted as soon as possible in newly-built orchards, especially in dwarf close-to-close planting gardens, and the management department should issue nursery stocks as soon as possible. Procedures and market supervision and management methods, to develop support and encouragement mechanisms for the breeding and cultivation of non-toxic seedlings, and to promote a more healthy and efficient development of the apple industry in China.
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