One of the world’s largest population of black-hooded gulls
Black-billed gulls are distributed only in northeast Asia. They live in winter in southern coastal areas of China, including Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, Japan, and South Korea. Their breeding grounds are mainly located in Yancheng, Jiangsu, China, except for a small number of populations in Korea. Protected areas, Shandong Dongying Yellow River National Nature Reserve, Liaoning Shuangtai Estuary National Nature Reserve, and Dandong Yalu River Estuary National Nature Reserve. Among them, the number of populations inhabited by Liaoning Shuangtaihekou National Nature Reserve located in Panjin is the largest, more than 6,000, accounting for more than 70% of the global population of more than 8,000.
The world's largest black-billed gull breeding ground
According to years of research on the black-headed gulls in Panjin, it has been found that the black-billed gulls inhabit in Panjin, Nanxiaohe Wetland, Shilixi, Liuzigou, artificial islands, and outer tidal flats, covering a total area of ​​9 square kilometers. Any other black-headed gull breeding area in the world is the largest breeding ground of black-billed gulls in the world.
The most northern habitat of the black-headed gulls in the three worlds
At present, the breeding of black-headed gulls is mainly distributed in the coastal areas in eastern Asia. The areas distributed in China mainly include Panjin City, Jinzhou City and Dandong City of Liaoning Province, Qinhuangdao City of Hebei Province, Tianjin City, Dongying City of Shandong Province, and Jiangsu Province. Yancheng City, Lianyungang City, Zhejiang Province, Yuhuan, Wenling, Jiaojiang, Fenghua, Zhenhai, Yanbian in Fujian, Shanwei City in Guangdong Province, Hepu County in Guangxi Province, Hong Kong, Taiwan, etc.; Seen abroad in South Korea, Japan, Vietnam In other places, the northern boundary of the black-headed gulls in Panjin, Liaoning Province, was distributed in these areas.
Four Worlds Black-Gulled Gulls
According to the research, there are seven kinds of nesting types for the black-headed gulls, namely nests in the Sapeng Beach, white locust beds, nests in the rice grass, tidal flats in the beach, nests in the shoal, nests in the reeds, and nests in the water. In Panjin, except for the non-rice grass nest type, the other six types are distributed.
The world's largest breeding ground for black-hooded gull nests
According to the survey, the minimum distance between the nests of black-billed gulls seen in other breeding grounds is not less than 10 meters, and the spacing of black-mouthed gull nests measured in the Shuangtaihe National Nature Reserve is less than 30 cm. Sometimes there are 2-3 black-hooded gull nests within 2 square meters. In the 2.6 square kilometer saline wetland of South Stream alone, there are 2831 Black-billed Gulls nesting and breeding.
The highest survival rate of black-headed gulls in the six worlds
The scientific and technical personnel of the reserve conducted research on the black-headed gulls that were breeding in the Shuangtaihekou National Nature Reserve in 1991, 1996, and 1997. Among them, the nests, eggs, and nestlings of the black-headed gulls during the breeding period were investigated. Investigations were carried out. In 1991, the birth rate of black-eared gulls was 67.4%, and the survival rate of chicks was 86.6%; in 1996, the birth rate of black-hooded gulls was 63.1%, and the survival rate of chicks was 82.04%; 1997 The birth rate of Black-hooded gulls is 52.8%, and the survival rate of chicklings is 84.3%. The three-year averages were 61.17% and 84.3% respectively, which were higher than those of other black-mouthed gull breeding grounds.
Seven of the world's longest habitats for the Black-billed Gull
Panjin, as a breeding ground of the black-headed gull, welcomes the migratory black-headed gull in mid-March each year. In late April, the black-headed gull enters the breeding season. The hatching culminates in mid-June and reaches its peak. By mid-July, breeding ends. The relocation of Panjin took 7 months. Compared with the rest areas and wintering areas, Panjin is the longest residence of the Black-billed Gull.
Eight artificial activities interfere with black-hooded gull life
In 1990, when it was determined that the two shores of the Shuangtai River estuary were breeding grounds of the Black-billed Gull, most of the Black-billed Gulls bred on the eastern shore of the Liaohe River. Later, for various reasons, the breeding ground of the black-billed gull gradually migrated to the South Stream area on the west bank of the Liaohe River. Since the beginning of this year, with the development of shrimp production by shrimp farmers in the Nanxiaohe area, seawater infusion has swamped a large area of ​​beach where Black-billed gulls rely on breeding habitat. It is estimated that about a few hundred black-hooded gull nests were destroyed and some young birds were drowned. In addition, in the small river south of the reserve, there are farmers who moved here to live. They are here to pick up eggs, fishing, lancomes, and dredging silkworms, which are the food of the black-headed gull. These people's actions undoubtedly caused damage to the breeding habitat of the black-headed gull, which exacerbated the deterioration of the survival and development environment of the D. gull population.
This species has been listed in the "State Protected List of Terrestrial Wildlife Animals with Useful or Important Economic and Scientific Values" issued by the State Forestry Administration on August 1, 2000.
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