Big tree transplantation refers to the transplanting of large trees with a breast diameter greater than 15 cm. Big tree transplant can quickly achieve the greening and beautifying garden effect, and it is also an effective means to protect the ancient and famous trees and existing big trees in the city's reconstruction and expansion project.
First, preparation before transplantation
1. Selection of big trees The choice of transplanting trees should be based on the 'ripened seedlings' cultivated by the nursery after multiple times of transplantation, and try not to choose 'raw seedlings' that have not been transplanted or scattered in rural mountain areas. The main roots are often obvious, and they are deeply buried in the soil. The effective absorption of roots is beyond the depth of the soil or the projection of the tree crown. Inevitably, during the excavation process, it will cause great damage to the root system and the survival rate of the transplant is very low. In the selection of tree species, shallow rooted native species are selected. According to our many years of observations and statistics, the tree species that are easier to survive in large tree transplants are: scorpions, skunks, poplars, willows, arborescens, ginkgo, sycamore, cherry blossoms, locusts, eucalyptus, cedar, white pine, etc. Tree species are: cypress, Platycladus orientalis, Cypress, spruce, fir, buckwheat, walnut, persimmon and so on. In the choice of tree body should be selected strong growth, no pests and trees. At the same time, the site conditions for the growth of large trees and transplanted land are evaluated to avoid excessive differences in site conditions between the two places. Big trees should be flat in the growing area, convenient transportation and easy mechanical operation.
2. Selection of Transplantation Time In general, large-scale tree transplantation should have a small evapotranspiration and a balanced water metabolism, which is conducive to the timely restoration of root growth. In autumn, the temperature gradually decreases, the evapotranspiration is low, the soil moisture is stable, and the soil temperature is still high. After the large trees are planted, the root system can quickly resume growth. In early spring, the temperature gradually rises, the soil moisture is sufficient, and the roots of trees can begin to move at lower temperatures, which is beneficial to the balance of water metabolism. Therefore, early spring and late autumn are the periods when the survival rate of large trees is high.
Second, mining
1. Pre-excavation preparation If transplanted trees must be transplanted and protected by “sprouts†or ancient and famous trees in the course of urban redevelopment and expansion, they should be dealt with in advance in 1 to 2 growing seasons. This treatment promotes the growth of the lateral fibrous roots of the tree, allowing the large trees to form a large number of effective absorption roots that can be carried away before transplantation. When processing, use a big tree as the center, draw 3 to 4 times the diameter of the tree's DBH, and dig a groove of 30 to 40 cm outside the circle. The depth is determined by the distribution of the roots of the big tree, usually 60 to 80 cm. In the process of excavation, roots with a diameter of less than 5 cm are cut along the inner wall of the trench, and roots with a diameter of more than 5 cm are generally continued. The ring is stripped at the inner wall of the trench and applied with 20-50 mg/kg of auxin (naphthylacetate, indole acetic acid, No. 1). , No. 2 rooting powder, etc.) to promote new roots. After the trench is dug, it is added to fertile soil and layered and compacted, and then watered. If the time permits this process, it is best to complete the two growing seasons. When digging trenches, you can dig for a while and after a growing season, dig the remaining ones. In this way, the fibrous roots can be covered in the two growth seasons, so that the survival rate can be greatly improved after the treatment. For the fully transplanted trees to be fully irrigated 4 or 5 days before excavation, various tools such as shovels, hoes, sharp blades and hand saws, straw ropes, drawstrings, and slings are prepared before excavation. In the premise of not affecting the viewing effect, try to trim the tree. In general, deciduous trees tend to send branches to cut 1/2 of the canopy, and it is not appropriate to cut the 1/3 of the canopy. Evergreen trees generally only cut off overlapping branches, pests and branches, and unwanted old and weak branches that affect viewing. This facilitates lifting and transportation, while reducing the amount of branches and leaves of large trees and maintaining balance with underground roots. For larger cut wounds treated with a bactericide wax seal, the ornamental and yin and yang surfaces are marked.
2. Before digging and excavating, secure the tree body with appropriate pull ropes to ensure safety. Then take the trunk as the center, draw a circle with a radius of 4-5 times the diameter of the big tree, and dig the trench outside the circle. Groove width 60~80cm. During the excavation process, the small hair roots can be directly shovelled off with a spatula, and for the thick roots, the saw must be broken with a hand saw. Do not use a blade spade to damage the root system. The height of the earth ball is generally 60%~80% of its diameter. When it is dug to half of the earth ball, it gradually returns to the bottom, and finally forms a small round ball ball.
3. After excavation and finishing, the soil ball is further trimmed after the excavation is completed, so that the soil ball is smooth and easy to be bandaged. Disinfection of soil ball can be sprayed with carbendazim, hymexazol, and thiram mixed solution, especially for large root wounds. Conditions can also be applied to the wound auxin (20 ~ 50mg/kg naphthaleneacetic acid, indole acetic acid or No. 1, No. 2 rooting powder solution). After the chemical treatment is completed, the soil ball is tied with a soaked straw rope, which is generally bundled with a chicken cage.
3. Lifting and Transporting Before the tree is lifted, carry out necessary pruning and binding on the tree crown to facilitate lifting and transportation. Lift and bind the trunk of the trunk with a soft object such as straw rope to protect it. During the lifting process, avoid damaging the bark and hitting the earth ball. After the tree is lifted into the rear trunk of the car, soft objects such as soil or straw ropes are placed under the soil ball. Earth balls or sandbags are used to hold the soil ball on both sides, and the soil ball is fixed with a rope. Put a soft material on the trunk and put it on a wooden stand. Secure it with a rope. Note that the canopy cannot be mopped. Pay attention to spray moisture during transportation and shading to prevent excessive moisture loss.
Fourth, colonization
1. Preparation before planting According to the design requirements, the planting hole shall be excavated. The diameter of the planting hole shall be greater than the diameter of the soil ball 40~50cm, and the depth shall be greater than the soil ball height 20~30cm, and shall be smooth around. After the excavation is completed, plant the soil in the bottom pad 20~30cm, and then disinfect the planting hole with a disinfectant.
2. Colonization of large trees must be settled as soon as possible. Remove the lashings from the canopy first, and disinfect the stem damage caused during lifting and transportation. Lift the big tree into the planting hole to straighten the crown and adjust the orientation and planting depth of the big tree (note that the tree planting must not be too deep and keep the original depth), fill in a part of the soil after fixing, and remove the soil ball dressing after fixing the big tree. , and then layered fill compaction. If the soil is too viscous, sand, perlite, organic fertilizers, etc. can be incorporated to improve its permeability to water. Fill to 2/3 standing support, usually with three or four columns. After the support is strong, it is watered. The water must be thoroughly drenched. Then fill the soil and bury it.
5. Conservation after planting should ensure that the trees survive and rejuvenate after transplantation. Careful maintenance and management is required. Daily maintenance and management are very important in the first 3 to 3 years after transplantation, especially the maintenance and management within one year after transplantation. This is a big tree. The key to the success of the transplant.
1. After the trunk is wrapped and sprayed with moisturizing and colonizing, the main trunk of the tree and the primary branch near the main trunk are tied with a straw rope to avoid strong direct sunlight and dry hot wind, thereby reducing the water evaporation of the tree. In the hot summer, water can be sprayed on the straw ropes and trees to adjust the temperature and humidity of the branches. When spraying water, spray it evenly to avoid water dripping and water accumulation in the root. The more effective method now is to infuse the tree with a needle, which can not only supply water to the tree, but also prevent the water from overflowing due to excessive water spray.
2. Shelter shades have high temperatures in summer and strong tree transpiration. In order to maintain the water balance of the tree, shade shelters should be used in time to weaken the transpiration. But be careful not to shady too much, generally about 70% of the shade, so that the tree receives a certain amount of scattered light, to ensure the tree's photosynthesis. The shade shelter is about 50cm away from the tree body and keeps the air circulation under the shelter to prevent sunburn hazards.
3, soil moisture management to promote the development of new roots roots after planting must have good ventilation conditions. The roots of newly planted big trees have suffered certain damage and their ability to absorb water has weakened, so the soil remains moist. If the water volume is too large, it will affect the permeability of the soil, inhibit the respiration of the roots, and be detrimental to the growth of new roots. In severe cases, it will lead to the death of root rot. Therefore, the watering of large trees must be prudent. After planting the first irrigating water, the second water shall be poured every other day. Afterwards, the water conditions shall be strictly analyzed and the water content shall be carefully watered. On the other hand, it is necessary to prevent stagnation of water in the trees, fill the planting holes after watering, and make them slightly higher than the surrounding soil. Low-lying and easy-to-pile water digging drainage ditch ensures no water accumulation. Can not dig the drain can be buried in the soil ball around a few pvc pipe, put a lot of small holes on the pipe, usually pay attention to check whether the hole is blocked, the pipe with water in time to pump away. This eliminates the accumulation of water and increases the permeability of the soil. After the soil surface is dry, the cultivator can be cultivated in time, and if the water content is too large, the soil can be deeply ploughed. These measures are mainly to promote the new root growth of the tree, which is the basis for the survival of the tree.
4. Prevention of pests and diseases and fertilization After transplanting, trees have a reduced growth potential and a reduced resistance to diseases and insect pests. Therefore, they must be checked frequently to prevent them. According to the occurrence of pests and diseases and tree species characteristics, timely control, symptomatic medication. In the early stages of colonization, the extra-root fertilizer can be applied every half month or so to restore the growth potential of the tree. Can be used urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other quick-acting fertilizers made of 0.5% to 1% of the solution, in the morning and evening or cloudy leaf spraying. After the roots germinate, they can dilute the thin fertilizers and promote the recovery of the big trees.
5, antifreeze treatment of new planted trees vulnerable to low temperature hazards, after the fall attention to reduce nitrogen fertilizer application, while increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. According to the growth of trees, the shade shelters were gradually removed, the light intensity was increased, the intensity of photosynthesis of the trees was enhanced, the degree of lignification of the roots and branches of the trees was increased, the cold resistance of the trees themselves was improved, and the trunks were painted white in time. Before the onset of the cold wave in winter, measures such as covering soil, covering, and setting up wind barriers shall be used to protect against the cold.
First, preparation before transplantation
1. Selection of big trees The choice of transplanting trees should be based on the 'ripened seedlings' cultivated by the nursery after multiple times of transplantation, and try not to choose 'raw seedlings' that have not been transplanted or scattered in rural mountain areas. The main roots are often obvious, and they are deeply buried in the soil. The effective absorption of roots is beyond the depth of the soil or the projection of the tree crown. Inevitably, during the excavation process, it will cause great damage to the root system and the survival rate of the transplant is very low. In the selection of tree species, shallow rooted native species are selected. According to our many years of observations and statistics, the tree species that are easier to survive in large tree transplants are: scorpions, skunks, poplars, willows, arborescens, ginkgo, sycamore, cherry blossoms, locusts, eucalyptus, cedar, white pine, etc. Tree species are: cypress, Platycladus orientalis, Cypress, spruce, fir, buckwheat, walnut, persimmon and so on. In the choice of tree body should be selected strong growth, no pests and trees. At the same time, the site conditions for the growth of large trees and transplanted land are evaluated to avoid excessive differences in site conditions between the two places. Big trees should be flat in the growing area, convenient transportation and easy mechanical operation.
2. Selection of Transplantation Time In general, large-scale tree transplantation should have a small evapotranspiration and a balanced water metabolism, which is conducive to the timely restoration of root growth. In autumn, the temperature gradually decreases, the evapotranspiration is low, the soil moisture is stable, and the soil temperature is still high. After the large trees are planted, the root system can quickly resume growth. In early spring, the temperature gradually rises, the soil moisture is sufficient, and the roots of trees can begin to move at lower temperatures, which is beneficial to the balance of water metabolism. Therefore, early spring and late autumn are the periods when the survival rate of large trees is high.
Second, mining
1. Pre-excavation preparation If transplanted trees must be transplanted and protected by “sprouts†or ancient and famous trees in the course of urban redevelopment and expansion, they should be dealt with in advance in 1 to 2 growing seasons. This treatment promotes the growth of the lateral fibrous roots of the tree, allowing the large trees to form a large number of effective absorption roots that can be carried away before transplantation. When processing, use a big tree as the center, draw 3 to 4 times the diameter of the tree's DBH, and dig a groove of 30 to 40 cm outside the circle. The depth is determined by the distribution of the roots of the big tree, usually 60 to 80 cm. In the process of excavation, roots with a diameter of less than 5 cm are cut along the inner wall of the trench, and roots with a diameter of more than 5 cm are generally continued. The ring is stripped at the inner wall of the trench and applied with 20-50 mg/kg of auxin (naphthylacetate, indole acetic acid, No. 1). , No. 2 rooting powder, etc.) to promote new roots. After the trench is dug, it is added to fertile soil and layered and compacted, and then watered. If the time permits this process, it is best to complete the two growing seasons. When digging trenches, you can dig for a while and after a growing season, dig the remaining ones. In this way, the fibrous roots can be covered in the two growth seasons, so that the survival rate can be greatly improved after the treatment. For the fully transplanted trees to be fully irrigated 4 or 5 days before excavation, various tools such as shovels, hoes, sharp blades and hand saws, straw ropes, drawstrings, and slings are prepared before excavation. In the premise of not affecting the viewing effect, try to trim the tree. In general, deciduous trees tend to send branches to cut 1/2 of the canopy, and it is not appropriate to cut the 1/3 of the canopy. Evergreen trees generally only cut off overlapping branches, pests and branches, and unwanted old and weak branches that affect viewing. This facilitates lifting and transportation, while reducing the amount of branches and leaves of large trees and maintaining balance with underground roots. For larger cut wounds treated with a bactericide wax seal, the ornamental and yin and yang surfaces are marked.
2. Before digging and excavating, secure the tree body with appropriate pull ropes to ensure safety. Then take the trunk as the center, draw a circle with a radius of 4-5 times the diameter of the big tree, and dig the trench outside the circle. Groove width 60~80cm. During the excavation process, the small hair roots can be directly shovelled off with a spatula, and for the thick roots, the saw must be broken with a hand saw. Do not use a blade spade to damage the root system. The height of the earth ball is generally 60%~80% of its diameter. When it is dug to half of the earth ball, it gradually returns to the bottom, and finally forms a small round ball ball.
3. After excavation and finishing, the soil ball is further trimmed after the excavation is completed, so that the soil ball is smooth and easy to be bandaged. Disinfection of soil ball can be sprayed with carbendazim, hymexazol, and thiram mixed solution, especially for large root wounds. Conditions can also be applied to the wound auxin (20 ~ 50mg/kg naphthaleneacetic acid, indole acetic acid or No. 1, No. 2 rooting powder solution). After the chemical treatment is completed, the soil ball is tied with a soaked straw rope, which is generally bundled with a chicken cage.
3. Lifting and Transporting Before the tree is lifted, carry out necessary pruning and binding on the tree crown to facilitate lifting and transportation. Lift and bind the trunk of the trunk with a soft object such as straw rope to protect it. During the lifting process, avoid damaging the bark and hitting the earth ball. After the tree is lifted into the rear trunk of the car, soft objects such as soil or straw ropes are placed under the soil ball. Earth balls or sandbags are used to hold the soil ball on both sides, and the soil ball is fixed with a rope. Put a soft material on the trunk and put it on a wooden stand. Secure it with a rope. Note that the canopy cannot be mopped. Pay attention to spray moisture during transportation and shading to prevent excessive moisture loss.
Fourth, colonization
1. Preparation before planting According to the design requirements, the planting hole shall be excavated. The diameter of the planting hole shall be greater than the diameter of the soil ball 40~50cm, and the depth shall be greater than the soil ball height 20~30cm, and shall be smooth around. After the excavation is completed, plant the soil in the bottom pad 20~30cm, and then disinfect the planting hole with a disinfectant.
2. Colonization of large trees must be settled as soon as possible. Remove the lashings from the canopy first, and disinfect the stem damage caused during lifting and transportation. Lift the big tree into the planting hole to straighten the crown and adjust the orientation and planting depth of the big tree (note that the tree planting must not be too deep and keep the original depth), fill in a part of the soil after fixing, and remove the soil ball dressing after fixing the big tree. , and then layered fill compaction. If the soil is too viscous, sand, perlite, organic fertilizers, etc. can be incorporated to improve its permeability to water. Fill to 2/3 standing support, usually with three or four columns. After the support is strong, it is watered. The water must be thoroughly drenched. Then fill the soil and bury it.
5. Conservation after planting should ensure that the trees survive and rejuvenate after transplantation. Careful maintenance and management is required. Daily maintenance and management are very important in the first 3 to 3 years after transplantation, especially the maintenance and management within one year after transplantation. This is a big tree. The key to the success of the transplant.
1. After the trunk is wrapped and sprayed with moisturizing and colonizing, the main trunk of the tree and the primary branch near the main trunk are tied with a straw rope to avoid strong direct sunlight and dry hot wind, thereby reducing the water evaporation of the tree. In the hot summer, water can be sprayed on the straw ropes and trees to adjust the temperature and humidity of the branches. When spraying water, spray it evenly to avoid water dripping and water accumulation in the root. The more effective method now is to infuse the tree with a needle, which can not only supply water to the tree, but also prevent the water from overflowing due to excessive water spray.
2. Shelter shades have high temperatures in summer and strong tree transpiration. In order to maintain the water balance of the tree, shade shelters should be used in time to weaken the transpiration. But be careful not to shady too much, generally about 70% of the shade, so that the tree receives a certain amount of scattered light, to ensure the tree's photosynthesis. The shade shelter is about 50cm away from the tree body and keeps the air circulation under the shelter to prevent sunburn hazards.
3, soil moisture management to promote the development of new roots roots after planting must have good ventilation conditions. The roots of newly planted big trees have suffered certain damage and their ability to absorb water has weakened, so the soil remains moist. If the water volume is too large, it will affect the permeability of the soil, inhibit the respiration of the roots, and be detrimental to the growth of new roots. In severe cases, it will lead to the death of root rot. Therefore, the watering of large trees must be prudent. After planting the first irrigating water, the second water shall be poured every other day. Afterwards, the water conditions shall be strictly analyzed and the water content shall be carefully watered. On the other hand, it is necessary to prevent stagnation of water in the trees, fill the planting holes after watering, and make them slightly higher than the surrounding soil. Low-lying and easy-to-pile water digging drainage ditch ensures no water accumulation. Can not dig the drain can be buried in the soil ball around a few pvc pipe, put a lot of small holes on the pipe, usually pay attention to check whether the hole is blocked, the pipe with water in time to pump away. This eliminates the accumulation of water and increases the permeability of the soil. After the soil surface is dry, the cultivator can be cultivated in time, and if the water content is too large, the soil can be deeply ploughed. These measures are mainly to promote the new root growth of the tree, which is the basis for the survival of the tree.
4. Prevention of pests and diseases and fertilization After transplanting, trees have a reduced growth potential and a reduced resistance to diseases and insect pests. Therefore, they must be checked frequently to prevent them. According to the occurrence of pests and diseases and tree species characteristics, timely control, symptomatic medication. In the early stages of colonization, the extra-root fertilizer can be applied every half month or so to restore the growth potential of the tree. Can be used urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other quick-acting fertilizers made of 0.5% to 1% of the solution, in the morning and evening or cloudy leaf spraying. After the roots germinate, they can dilute the thin fertilizers and promote the recovery of the big trees.
5, antifreeze treatment of new planted trees vulnerable to low temperature hazards, after the fall attention to reduce nitrogen fertilizer application, while increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. According to the growth of trees, the shade shelters were gradually removed, the light intensity was increased, the intensity of photosynthesis of the trees was enhanced, the degree of lignification of the roots and branches of the trees was increased, the cold resistance of the trees themselves was improved, and the trunks were painted white in time. Before the onset of the cold wave in winter, measures such as covering soil, covering, and setting up wind barriers shall be used to protect against the cold.
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