Watermelon Reasonable fertilization Watermelon is a food crop for melons and fruits, generally acidic and alkaline fertile soil, are suitable for planting. Its whole growth period is divided into: germination period, seedling stage, flowering period, and result period. The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients required was on average about 1:0.36:1.35. During the seedling stage, less fertilizer was needed, and the vine extension period increased. The fruit swelling period reached a peak and the maturity period decreased. Watermelon is a good potassium crop, and the proportion of nitrogen-potassium fertilizer is about 1:0.4 to 1:0.7 north of the Yangtze River and about 1:0.7 to 1:1 south of the Yangtze River. The amount of potassium increased gradually from north to south, which is contrary to the trend of soil available potassium content, which is conducive to the balance of demand.
Most of the watermelon production per mu is 2 to 3 tons. According to this level of yield, the amount of fertilizer per mu is recommended: 1. Base fertilizer. Compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 35 ~ 45 kg (or 13 kg of urea, calcium 40 ~ 60 kg, potassium chloride 8 ~ 13 kg), high-quality organic fertilizer 100 ~ 200 kg, 1 ~ 2 times; 2. Fertilizer vines (about 35 cm in length). Urea 7 ~ 12 kg; 3. Fruit enlargement period. Urea 10 ~ 15 kg, potassium chloride 5 ~ 10 kg, 1 ~ 2 times Shi. The maximum amount of fertilizer should be taken as the upper limit, and the lower limit should be taken as the yield. Excessive nitrogen fertilization tends to result in rough vines and must be removed. Watermelon sweetness is related to potash fertilizer, rainwater and seeds. Rainwater will dilute sweetness, and seed genetics is an internal cause, affecting longer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have more residues in soil than nitrogen, and have a large buffering effect. They have little effect on the season and do not even affect it. However, they must be supplemented in the next season.
The watermelon is fertilized with a spread, a hole, a ditch, or a dredge. Acupuncture points or furrows are applied between the rows of planting or sowing, and are about 15 cm from the seedlings. The fertilizer should be mixed well with the soil to avoid contact between the young roots and the fertilizer and to injure the roots. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are easily transferred in crops: Phosphorus fertilizers are generally used as base fertilizers to promote early tillering and more tillers; nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are used as base fertilizers and top dressings to improve quality and prevent prolonged growth and reduce production. Watermelon is susceptible to calcium and boron deficiency. Spraying 0.5% calcium nitrate solution, 0.2% boric acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to prevent premature aging and improve quality during pumping or fruit setting.
The rational cotton fertilization of cotton passed the seedling stage, bud stage, flowering boll stage, boll opening stage and harvesting stage, and the whole growth period was about 165 days. Before flowering, the vegetative growth of rooting, long stem and increasing leaves was the center; after the initial flowering, the bud growth, flowering, and boll were the main reproductive growth. From the flowering stage to the boll opening stage, the demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reached the highest peak, accounting for more than 60% of the total amount. It was necessary to re-fertilize, followed by the budding stage to the early flowering stage. The main cotton producing areas in North China, Central China, and Xinjiang are mostly 65-85 kg per mu for lint; Xinjiang is a high-yielding area with about 100 kg per mu. The demand ratio of N, P and K nutrients is about 1:0.35:0.85.
Cotton is a cash crop that weighs more in quality. Excessive nitrogen or insufficient phosphorus and potassium will reduce the yield of late maturity and decrease fiber quality. Most cotton production areas in the main cotton production area of ​​65 to 85 kg of lint, according to this level of production, fertilizer recommendations per mu: 1. Base fertilizer. Urea about 4 kilograms, diammonium 10 to 15 kilograms, potassium chloride 7 to 12 kilograms, high-quality organic fertilizer 100 to 200 kilograms; 2. Bud fertilizer. Urea about 5 kg; 3. Flower bell fertilizer. Urea 10 to 15 kg. Soil sticky fertilizer once concentrated in the flowering period. Ceiling fertilizer is only used in the south, late autumn high temperature areas, Mushi urea 3 ~ 5 kg, for autumn peach production. The maximum amount of fertilizer should be taken as the upper limit, and the lower limit should be taken as the yield. NPK deficiency symptoms: lack of nitrogen, the old yellow leaves, new leaves pale green; lack of phosphorus, fewer tillers, easy to drop bell fruit; lack of potassium, yellow edges, more pests and diseases. Lack of symptoms appear to be timely symptomatic increase fertilizer material.
Cotton should be balanced in fertilization to prevent madness and reduce falling bells; it is necessary to hiccup to top and increase effective peaches; pay attention to the safe application of chlormequat. Cotton is susceptible to zinc deficiency and boron deficiency. It can mix 0.2% zinc sulfate and borax solution and spray it 2 to 3 times from bud stage to flower and boll stage. Each time is separated by 7 to 10 days, spraying wet foliage. Crops have roughly as much demand for nitrogen and potassium. In the north of the Yangtze River, the amount of potash fertilizer is much less than that of nitrogen fertilizer. Too much will depend on the consumption of soil potassium resources to maintain demand, which will affect soil structure and fertility. With the national economic development and everyone's understanding of the role of potash fertilizer, the amount of potash fertilizer will gradually increase. (
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