1. Choose a variety
Select the appropriate pesticide species for different control targets. For example, pests that bite on the leaves may use drugs that have strong stomach toxicity. For example, cabbage caterpillars must use dichlorvos and other drugs that have stomach poisoning effects; pests that suck on plant juices should use systemic drugs, such as aphids, planthoppers, and leaves. Do not use systemic compounds such as imidacloprid.
2. Preparation of pesticides
The first is to calculate the dosage. The recommended dosage for use on pesticide labels is generally the number of grams per acre or the number of millilitres of pesticide. The dosage should be calculated based on the application area and the recommended dosage on the label.
The second is dispensing. The "secondary method" should be used to dilute the pesticide.
(1) Water-diluted pesticides: The pesticide formulation is first diluted with a small amount of water into a "master solution", and then the "mother liquor" is diluted to the desired concentration.
(2) Mixing pesticides such as soil and sand: The pesticide preparation should be diluted with a small amount of diluted carrier (fine soil, fine sand, solid fertilizer, etc.) into "family powder" and then diluted to the required amount.
The third is to pay attention to dispensing safety. Preparation of pesticides should be carried out in places away from residential areas, livestock pens, and water sources, and pharmaceuticals should be used with them. Assembled liquid medicine should be taken as far as possible sealed application method, the same day with a good liquid medicine used up the same day. The remaining pesticides after opening should be sealed in the original packaging safe storage, can not be transferred to other packaging, such as beverage bottles or food packaging.
Do not use bottle caps to measure pesticides or drums that use potable water. Do not use a bucket that holds the liquid to drain water directly from the bottom of the ditch. Do not put it into the liquid, powder, or granules by hand or arm.
When handling powders and wettable powders, prevent flying dust. If you want to pour a complete bag of wettable powder, you should place the opening of the bag as close as possible to the water surface, standing upwind, so that dust and flying objects blow away with the wind.
3. Use pesticides
The prevention and control of crop pests and diseases should follow the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control†to minimize the use of chemical pesticides as much as possible and in order to reduce the impact on the quality and safety of the environment and agricultural products.
The first is to grasp the medication period. Most of the diseases and insect pests in the early stage of the disease, the symptoms are very light, such as cotton wilt disease, early stage of the disease with a fungicide Irrigation effect is good, after a large area outbreak, even if repeated medication, the loss is difficult to restore. The bollworm is easy to control before the third instar. Therefore, most bactericides and insecticides do not work well, but miss the best use time.
The second is to grasp the amount of medication and water consumption. When some farmers use pesticides to reduce their workload, they often use more medicine and less water. In fact, within the effective concentration of pesticides, the effect depends on the coverage of the liquid. For example, when spraying soil to seal the herbicide dimethoamine, soil moisture is poor, and the amount of water must be increased in order to form a closed membrane, otherwise the liquid is only Dotted distribution, not reach the effect of closed weeding. When spraying insecticides and fungicides, sufficient water consumption is necessary because the eggs and germs are mostly concentrated on the back of the leaves and in the soil adjacent to the roots. If water is used at the time of spraying, it is difficult to spray the whole plant. Throughout, dead eggs in the dead, remnants can easily recurred. Blindly increasing the concentration of pesticides will increase the resistance of pathogens and pests. Excessive concentrations will also cause injury. Therefore, simply increasing the drug concentration is often counterproductive.
The third is to choose good performance of the spraying equipment. Should choose the regular manufacturers of medical equipment, regular replacement of worn nozzles. Herbicide spray herb should be dedicated.
Fourth, pay attention to rotating medication. Even the best pesticides cannot be used continuously for a long time. Because, in a certain area, the single use of a certain pesticide for a long period of time will inevitably lead to a decline in the effect, resulting in resistance to the control object. The correct approach is to use different types of pesticides in rotation.
Fifth, strict compliance with the safety interval regulations. The pesticide safety interval is the number of days from the last application of the pesticide to the harvest of the crop, that is, the number of days before the harvest. In actual production, the time from the last spraying to crop harvesting should be longer than the safety interval specified on the label. In order to ensure that the residue of agricultural products does not exceed the standard, it cannot be harvested during the safety interval.
4. Security protection
The applicators should be in good health and trained to have certain plant protection knowledge. Elderly, frail workers, children and women during pregnancy and breastfeeding cannot apply drugs. The following matters need to be noted when applying pesticides:
One must check whether the spraying equipment is in good condition. Do not overfill the liquid in the sprayer to avoid liquid spillage and contaminate the skin and protective clothing. Appropriate water, cleaning agents, first aid kits, and repair kits should be provided at the application site.
Second, wear protective equipment. Such as gloves, masks, and protective clothing to prevent pesticides from entering the eyes, touching the skin, or inhaling the body. After the end of the application, immediately remove the protective equipment and put it into a pre-prepared plastic bag. Bring it back immediately after washing 2 or 3 times, and dry it for storage.
Third, pay attention to the safety during application. Do not apply pesticides when it rains, windy, or high temperatures. Always apply in the upwind position. Do not apply against the wind. Do not eat, drink or smoke while spraying. Do not use the mouth to blow the blocked nozzles. Use toothpick or straw. Or water to clear.
Fourth, we must master the knowledge of poisoning first aid. If pesticides splash into the eyes or on the skin, flush them with plenty of water immediately. If symptoms such as headache, nausea, and vomiting occur, stop the operation immediately, take off contaminated clothes, and bring the pesticide label to the nearest hospital.
Fifth, it is necessary to properly clean the spraying equipment. After each use, spray medicine and medicine to wash, do not wash in rivers, streams, wells, so as not to pollute the water. Pesticide waste packaging is forbidden to use as it is, not to be thrown away, to be stored centrally and properly handled.
5. Safe storage
The first is to minimize the storage and storage time. Pesticides should be purchased based on actual demand to avoid backlog deterioration and safety hazards.
The second is to store it in a safe and suitable place. A small amount of residual pesticides should be kept in the original packaging, sealed and stored in a locked place, and should not be filled with other containers. It is forbidden to use empty beverage bottles to separate the remaining pesticides. Should be kept out of reach of children and animals, and cool, dry, ventilated, dark place. Do not approach or mix with food, food, or feed. Do not store with seeds. Because pesticide volatiles are highly corrosive, pesticides and seeds are stored together, which reduces the germination rate of the seeds.
Third, there should be a complete, firm and clear label on the stored pesticide packaging.
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