Raw material treatment: First, the raw materials should be selected, and the age of participation should be more than 3 years.
Cleaning: The sea cucumbers that are brought up should be timely intestines, and the sea cucumbers should be completely removed and cleaned.
High-temperature blanching: In order to remove heavy metal substances from fresh sea cucumbers, the cleaned sea cucumbers must be subjected to high-temperature blanching. When blanching is performed, the nutrients in the sea cucumbers should be fully preserved. The temperature should be controlled between 65 and 70 degrees for a period of no more than 6 hours. minute.
Pre-freezing: Pre-freezing methods for the product include pre-freezing inside the freeze-drying box and pre-freezing outside the box. The fresh thorn sea cucumber is rapidly frozen to minus 35-45 degrees in a freeze-drying chamber. The main purpose is to make the water in the sea cucumber body freeze.
Drying: When the absolute pressure of water is less than 610.5PA, the water can only have two states, ice and gas. In this environment, by changing the temperature, the ice directly becomes gas. This process is called sublimation. . The freeze-drying technique utilizes this principle. Under the vacuum state, by adjusting the temperature and pressure, the sea cucumber is first frozen, then the ice is directly turned into steam, and the outside of the warehouse is eliminated. The drying process takes about 10 hours. After drying, a very heavy sea cucumber has a water content of only 3% at this time, just like a floating sponge.
The advantages of freeze-drying:
one. Freeze-drying is performed at a low temperature and is therefore particularly suitable for many heat-sensitive substances. If proteins, microorganisms and the like do not degenerate or lose their vitality. Therefore, it has been widely used in medicine.
two. When it is dried at low temperature, some volatile components in the material lose very little, which is suitable for some chemical products, drugs and foods.
three. During the freeze-drying process, the growth of microorganisms and the action of enzymes cannot be carried out, so that the original costume can be maintained.
four. Since the drying is performed in a frozen state, the volume is almost constant, the original structure is maintained, and no condensation occurs.
Fives. The dried material is loose and porous, and it is spongy. It dissolves quickly and completely after adding water, and it almost immediately restores its original properties.
six. Since the drying is carried out under vacuum, there is very little oxygen, so some easily oxidized substances are protected.
Seven. Drying can eliminate more than 95-99% of water, so that the dried product can be stored for a long time without deterioration.
To date, freeze-drying technology has only a history of about 100 years. It was first applied to the preservation of vaccines and serums, and the application to food was a matter of recent years. Freeze-drying is currently widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, scientific research and other departments.
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