The American frog is an excellent new frog species introduced in the early 1990s in China. Its white and tender meat, tasty and refreshing, and nutritious, it is a high-protein, low-fat senior supplement. Compared with other frogs, it has fewer diseases, fast growth, short maturity, and large body size. Guangde County has had a history of frog raising for more than a decade, and many people have therefore embarked on the road to prosperity. This year, Guangde County established an American frog seed breeding base and established an American frog production and marketing cooperative to guide many farmers in the county to engage in beautiful frog breeding, setting off a new upsurge of frog breeding. Now introduce some common diseases and their prevention methods in the production of beautiful frogs in Guangde County.
First, the incidence of factors
1. The clear pond is not complete, and the environment is poor: If you do not clear all kinds of pathogenic organisms, pathogenic bacteria and humus in the frog pond, the pool water is not clean, and the beauty frog is vulnerable to diseases such as bubble disease, water mildew and so on.
2, excessive stocking density: high-density farming, causing competition among individuals, fighting oxygen, competing for habitat, poor frog infection rate is higher. Generally susceptible to red leg disease, trichoderma disease.
3, mechanical damage: fishing, transportation improper operation of the frog body injury, generally very susceptible to the disease, such as water mold, rotten skin disease.
4. Improper feeding: The feed should not be a single prototype feed (such as silkworm cocoon), otherwise it may easily lead to vitamin deficiency leading to rotten skin disease; feeding moldy, deteriorating feed can cause enteritis; and feeding is not Regular, quantitative, so that the frog is also susceptible to gastroenteritis when hunger is full.
5, predators: There are rodents, snakes, waterfowl, grasshoppers, moss, ferocious fish, aquatic insects and so on.
Second, common diseases
(a) Common diseases:
1. Saprolegniasis: also known as skin mildew, white disease. Injuries caused by manipulation or other reasons are extremely susceptible to the disease. The water mold enters from the skin's wounds, parasitizes the damaged parts of the epidermis, draws nutrients from the skin, and penetrates into the muscles. After the infection, cotton-like white hyphae were seen spreading from the wound to the surrounding area. The wounds were swollen and inflamed. Swimming was delayed, restlessness, loss of appetite, weight loss and death.
Control methods: (1) smear the wound with 10% gentian violet; (2) dip for 10 minutes with 15 to 20 ppm formalin solution; (3) soak for 30 minutes with 10ppm potassium permanganate for 3 days; (4) use Soak 5ppm water mildew solution twice daily for 30min for 3 days.
2. Bubble disease: Due to excessive humus in the water, poor water quality, bubbles in the organic matter fermentation are caused by swallowing. The gut is filled with air bubbles, and the stomach swells. After losing balance, it floats on the water surface and causes death.
Control methods: (1) Remove silt and excess water from the bottom of the pond; (2) Change the pool water or add new water, and move the diseased fishes into clean water for a period of 1 to 2 days; (3) Concentration of illnesses and convulsions Place in clean water and add 20% magnesium sulfate to sprinkling; (4) Sprinkle 4 g of salt water per m3 of water body; (5) Apply 4 g of raw gypsum and 4 kg of fresh plantain per mu for 1 m water depth. Add 30kg of water into a slurry, splashing at Quanchipi.
3, trichoderma: multiple in dense, stunted pool. The pelicans swim slowly, and the body is covered with worms. The naked eye shows that the outer membrane of the tail fins is white and often floats on the water.
Control methods: (1) Reasonable stocking density, dilute in a timely manner in separate ponds; (2) 0.7ppm copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) mixture can be splashed in the initial stage of the disease; (3) Crushing per cubic meter of water body The leek 0.25kg, mixed with soybeans, the whole pool spilled, for two consecutive days, can control the death.
4. Hemorrhagic disease: Most of the bleeding occurs in the buds of the iris, and there are blood plaques in the abdomen of the affected hemorrhoids. The abdomen is swollen and the surface is spotted. The eyeball is sometimes congested and the surface is covered with a layer of red mucosa. When the pressure is light, the red film falls off and the eyeball protrudes; the epidermis has ulceration and congestion. A large amount of ascites can be seen on the anatomy. The intestine is congested, and when it is severe, it is purple-red. The liver is purple-red or yellowish and the bile is pale green. Before the onset of sudden death, he turned around on the surface of the water and sank after a few minutes.
Control methods: (1) soaking the streptozotocin with streptomycin solution. Every 10,000 tails were soaked with 1 million streptomycin solution for 30 minutes to control the development of the disease; (2) to use "frog frog Consumers" treatment. Every cubic meter of water body and 2 ~ 4g frog Xiaoan An water-soluble evenly spilled.
5, smashing rickets: sick silk rot, often accompanied by sludge and mucus, causing respiratory difficulties, sick quails often swim alone on the water, slow action, often mixed with other bacteria and death .
Control methods: (1) 20ppm of quicklime Quanchiposa; (2) 0.4ppm of 0.44ppm Quanchiposa with 0.4ppm of dibromohydantoin; (3) 3% to 6 days of irrigated frog health compound or compound carbendazim 1% .
(b) Common diseases of adult frogs:
1, red leg disease: caused by bacteria, the four seasons, summer peak. The diseased frogs had punctate congestion in the abdomen and leg muscles. In severe cases, all muscles were red and the intestine was congested. The frog body is weak and sluggish, and its activity is slow and does not eat. The disease mostly occurs in high-density frog ponds.
Control methods: (1) Control stocking densities, change water regularly, disinfect, and use 1ppm bleaching powder per day in the Quanchiposa; (2) Transfer diseased frogs to another pool first, then use copper sulfate solution with a concentration of 110E-6. Spilled pool; (3) The diseased frog was found to be isolated in time. The diseased frog was picked up and soaked in 10% to 15% salt water for 5 to 10 minutes and cured after 2 days. (4) 30 g of sulfonamides or 30 g was added to 100 kg of feed. Tetracycline, even fed 5d; (5) Preparation of 25% glucose physiological saline (cold boiling water 100ml, salt 0.9g, glucose 25g stirring), with 100ml plus 400,000 units of penicillin or streptomycin, soak about 5min once a day, Until it is cured.
2, gastroenteritis: This disease is mainly caused by frog eating food spoilage feed, occurred in the spring and summer and the turn of the summer and autumn. The diseased frog body was weak, unable to jump, and stopped feeding. The frog's abdomen showed gastrointestinal congestion and inflammation.
Control methods: (1) economically clean bait stations and replace pool water to keep the water in the pool fresh; (2) use 1ppm bleaching powder to disinfect the whole pool; (3) sick frogs should be fed with yeast twice daily for half a day and feed 3d (4) After onset, take berberine and complex vitamin B to crush, add a small amount of water to mix, cut into a small amount of finely chopped lungs or silkworm cocoons, stir evenly, and continuously feed for 7 to 12 days. The therapeutic effect is about 75%.
3, rotten skin disease: is a serious infectious disease, this disease is nutrient rotten skin disease and traumatic rotten skin disease. Nutrient rotten skin disease caused by the lack of a variety of vitamins, manifested as decreased visual acuity, the pupil appears granular, initially black, and later turned white. The skin on the back of the head loses its luster and a white pattern appears. The epidermis then falls off. The dermis begins to rot, exposing muscles and spreading throughout the body until it dies. Traumatic rotten skin disease is caused by the mutual razor biting and bruising of the beauty frog and the damage of the skin.
Control methods: (1) Vitamin A is often fed in feedstuffs, and feedstuffs strive for comprehensive nutrition and diversification; (2) Cod liver oil preparations can be added to feedstuffs at the early stage of disease, and antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs are added when the disease is severe; (3) 0.4 Ppm of dibromohydantoin 0.44ppm Quanchiposa; (4) The diseased frog was soaked in 20ppm potassium permanganate solution for 15min.
4, hemorrhagic septicemia: This disease occurs at the turn of the summer and fall or during the rainy season, the mortality rate is extremely high, in the frog metamorphosis 5 ~ 10g and 20 ~ 30g most likely to occur, and the metabolites will be infected To the water, which leads to the occurrence of the whole pool. The diseased frog has red or reddish erythema in the hind limbs. There are multiple hemorrhages on the body surface. A small amount of ascites can be seen on the anatomy. It is usually light red. Hepatomegaly, hyperemia, purplish red or a bit like bleeding is patchy, and some blood loss is off-white. The nose is often vomiting blood. The frogs are sluggish, or have poor activity in the submerged floating water and do not eat. From onset to death, the time is short, only a few hours.
Control methods: (1) Disinfect the whole pool with 0.2-0.3 ppm dibromohydantoin; (2) Soak with a solution of 1.2 million units of penicillin and 1 million units of streptomycin. Water body disinfection, frog (fungi) pool per cubic meter of water with 0.2g of chlorine-rich Quanchiposa disinfectant, 2 times in a row, disinfection of water body once every other day; (3) 100kg frogs with norfloxacin 4 ~ 5g mixed baits in the morning Feeding, at night with the Chinese rhubarb 50g, Astragalus 30g, Cork 20g dip shake Bait feeding, continuous 6d for a course of treatment. As long as the frog still eats the ingredients, the lighter one course of treatment and the severer two courses can control or cure the disease.
5, hepatomegaly: sick frog appearance was fat, thick hind legs, internal anatomy, liver enlargement, 2 to 3 times the normal, was khaki, gray, bile was light green.
Control methods: (1) Ponds should be regularly disinfected; (2) Soaked for 2 days with 20% sulfonamides solution or shaken with 2 g of sulfa drugs per 10kg body weight.
6, meningitis (abdominal head disease): sick frog skin black, anorexia, head to the left or right deviation, the body loses balance, abdomen upward, in the water kept spinning, dead tongue and stomach spit out the mouth, Empty stomach without food.
Control methods: There is no effective treatment.
7. Heat stroke: The diseased frog has no lesions on the body surface. The epidermis is dry and loses its smoothness. Its color is dark; its limbs are weak, its motion is not moving, its heartbeat is intensified, and it is in a coma and awake. Severe death occurs. The disease occurs more in the hot summer afternoon, because the frog is directly exposed to the sun for a long time or jumps into the high temperature water of the frog pool at noon, causing heat stroke.
Prevention methods: (1) Shade over shacks above the pool, and do not allow the beauty frogs to be exposed to the sun in summer; (2) Pick up sick frogs, put them in a cool, well-ventilated place, and use the cool oil to wipe the nose of the American frogs in the heat stroke. The sober; (3) fresh pig liver cut 2 ~ 3cm, 1cm wide strips, stained with "10 drops of water" syrup, artificial feeding 1 to 2 times, each feeding 2 to 3.
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