Development Trend of Hydraulic Technology in Agricultural Machinery

The hydraulic components have many advantages such as large power, easy installation, easy to control, convenient and comfortable operation, low failure rate, and easy maintenance. They are very suitable for agricultural machinery with varied structure and poor working conditions. For decades, hydraulic technology has been increasingly used not only in agricultural machinery, machine tools, construction machinery, construction machinery, and aerospace equipment, but also has formed a huge market. The sales volume of hydraulic components in the world has surpassed 20 billion U.S. dollars, and the output value of the hydraulic industry in China has reached 8 billion U.S. dollars. Calculated according to its importance, in foreign developed countries, the market share of hydraulic components for agricultural machinery is always in the top 5, and the demand for hydraulic components for agricultural machinery in China is more than 4 million pieces. In all domestic industries, the quantity is the largest. In the 21st century, the application of hydraulic technology to agricultural machinery has shown rapid development.

Developed countries in foreign countries have extensively applied high-tech such as electronics, hydraulics, and new materials in modern agricultural equipment to further improve the maneuverability, comfort, convenience, and intelligence of agricultural machinery, protect the agricultural ecological environment, and provide new equipment for precision agriculture. .

During the "10th Five-Year Plan" period, China will focus on the development of key technologies for field operations machinery, water-saving equipment, agricultural supporting power and key components, and agricultural transportation, which are mechanized in the whole process of rice and corn production. Tackling problems, including tractors, combine harvester power shifting and hydrostatic drive technology, combined harvesting of electromechanical liquid automation monitoring technology and control technology.

From 2005 to 2005, more than 60% of China's major agricultural machinery products reached the international level in the late 1980s. More than 70% of the newly developed varieties reached the international level in the 1990s, and the average time between failures of important products such as tractors and combine harvesters approached that of the late 1980s. With the level of the early 1990s, by 2015, the comprehensive technical level of agricultural machinery is basically close to the international level at that time. In this way, the application of hydraulic technology to agricultural machinery has gained opportunities.

In summary, in the new century, China's agricultural machinery industry will have significant progress. The application of hydraulic technology to agricultural machinery will show a strong vitality. It will make important contributions to improving the technological content of agricultural machinery products and narrowing the gap with foreign countries.

China's agricultural machinery is the use of hydraulic components, the largest number, the least species, the lowest price, it is the industry with the greatest potential for development. The so-called largest quantity is the annual demand for hydraulic components for agricultural machinery more than 4 million, and it is always the first in all domestic industries. The so-called variety is the least. It is the hydraulic components of agricultural machinery that account for less than one-tenth of domestic hydraulic components. The so-called lowest price means that the price of hydraulic components for agricultural machinery is much lower than the price of hydraulic components for industrial use. It is even several times lower. For example, agricultural gear pumps sell for tens of yuan to more than 100 yuan, while industrial gear pumps require four or five hundred yuan, with a price difference of four or five times. The so-called most potential for development means that China's agricultural machinery is the industry that uses the least hydraulic technology. The output value of hydraulic components in foreign advanced countries accounts for 3-4% of the output value of the machinery industry, while China's output is only 0.8-1%. One of the important factors is that the application of hydraulic technology on agricultural machinery is still far from enough. This is due to the low purchasing power of Chinese farmers, which limits the application of hydraulic technology to agricultural machinery. The quality of agricultural machinery adopting hydraulic technology has been improved, and the price has gone up. Farmers find it difficult to accept it, so it is difficult for the quality and technical content of the host product to be greatly improved. Therefore, the host plant has to reduce the configuration, change the configuration in exchange for the market so that the host product quality and technical content are reduced.

With the reform and development, the purchasing power of farmers has increased, especially the joint harvesters pioneered by our country's peasants, which have promoted the development of agricultural machinery in China, accelerated the pace of agricultural machinery adoption of hydraulic technology, and opened up more hydraulics for agricultural machinery applications. The door. Therefore, in our country, agricultural machinery has become the most active and most promising area for using hydraulic technology.

1. Overview of Agricultural Machinery Market

China's agricultural machinery market is facing tremendous opportunities and challenges. China's agricultural mechanization level is decades behind that of foreign developed countries. Foreign advanced countries such as the United States in 1940, Britain in 1950, Japan in 1967 achieved agricultural mechanization. The level of agricultural mechanization in China at the end of the 20th century is about 50%. China's agriculture needs a variety of agricultural machinery, especially the equipment required for the development of facilities agriculture and precision agriculture, and it is far from meeting the needs. Because of this, China has a huge market for agricultural machinery. At present, China's machine cultivation area is 58%, machine harvest area, wheat is about 30%, rice is 4%, and corn is 1.7%. In 2005, the annual demand for combine harvesters was 40,000 wheat combine harvesters, 25,000 corn combine harvesters, 25,000 rice combine harvesters, and 10,000 other harvester crops. The market for harvesters totals over 10 billion yuan, and about 80,000 large and medium-sized horsepower tractors. Such a huge market has already led foreign investors to drudge. Since the late 1990s, the Japanese rice combine harvester has entered the Chinese market in large quantities. Currently, it sells at a price of 200,000 to 240,000 yuan a year, sells more than 1,200 units a year, and is in short supply. Farmers even hold money to buy. It is not difficult to see that as China joins the WTO, foreign agricultural machinery and agricultural products will accelerate into the Chinese market. China's agricultural machinery is facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. Only by accelerating the level of agricultural mechanization and improving the quality of agricultural machinery can we consolidate and occupy the Chinese market. Although the purchasing power of Chinese farmers is relatively low, farmers have realized that buying farm machinery is not just a production tool to solve food and clothing but an investment behavior that creates more wealth. Moreover, as the government attaches great importance to agriculture, it creates very favorable conditions for the development of agricultural machinery, and it also promotes the application of hydraulic technology to agricultural machinery.

2. The demand of agricultural machinery for hydraulic technology

Agricultural machinery has a variety of forms, complex structures and poor working conditions. Agricultural machinery has many special requirements for hydraulic components, such as price, high reliability. The demand of agricultural machinery for hydraulic technology mainly includes:

1) Energy Saving Technology

The power of China's agricultural machinery has reached 450 million kilowatts. The application of energy-saving technologies can not only optimize the performance of the host and reduce the pollution to the environment, but also reduce the energy consumption by one percentage point, it means saving 4.5 million kilowatts of power, and its huge social and economic benefits attract many scientific and technical personnel to invest huge The energy and intelligence, and made many achievements and progress.

2) Demand for hydrostatic drive technology

The hydrostatic drive unit can be continuously variable, easy to layout, with high specific power, wide speed range, and good low-speed stability. It is particularly suitable for agricultural machinery and road machinery that have a variety of structural shapes and low travel speed. The hydrostatically driven combine harvester has higher working efficiency and less auxiliary working time than the mechanically driven combined harvester, the working efficiency is improved by 10-30%, and the net collection rate of the combined harvester is 1-2% higher than the mechanical transmission, and the operation is convenient. , Comfort, reduce labor intensity, easy maintenance, low failure rate, the current domestic mechanical drive combine harvester failure 30% is caused by the gearbox, gearbox vibration, affecting the life of other working parts. The hydrostatically driven combine harvester allows the engine to work under objective conditions, ensuring constant speeds for other components, and has an excellent minimum stable speed for harvesting high yield crops and lodging crops. The more productive the mechanical drive combined with the harvester, the easier it is to clog, and brings farmers not the joy of harvest but the unnecessary mental damage.

3) No leakage technology

Leakage, noise, and these early failures are chronic problems in the hydraulics industry, and are also important factors limiting the application of hydraulic technology. Currently, leak-free technology in hydraulic technology will be widely used, including: the development of new types of pipe fittings, screw-type cartridge valves. Combination sealing, hydraulic system pollution control technology, etc., The generalization of these common technologies has played an important role in the improvement of China's agricultural machinery performance.

3. The application prospect of hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery

The application prospect of hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery is very broad. The application of agricultural hydraulic components in China should be said to be in the ascendant. With the increase of the purchasing power of farmers in China, farmers are developing from the pursuit of cheaper prices to the pursuit of good performance and comfortable operation. This has created favorable conditions for the application of hydraulic technology to agricultural machinery. Because of the application of hydraulic technology, the quality and technical content of agricultural machinery in China will be significantly improved. It will play a fundamental role in narrowing the technological gap with advanced countries and consolidating the occupation of the domestic market. It will also reduce the labor intensity of farmers, improve the quality of life, and increase investment. The income is very significant.

Hydraulic technology will play a role in the following agricultural machinery:

1) New high-powered tractors and their work tools, such as tillage equipment, precision seeders, high-gap tractors and supporting equipment.

2) Agricultural basic construction equipment - water channel door masonry, gate hoisting, ditching machine, dredging machine, loader, tractor, grader.

3) Large-scale plant protection machinery—high-gap wide-barrel sprayers, translational sprinklers, etc.

4) High-yield crop cultivation and harvesting machinery - wheat, corn, cotton nesting machinery, rice harvesting machinery, high-speed insertion machine.

5) Agricultural robots, facilities, agricultural robots, manipulators, and automated complete sets of equipment: precision agricultural work tools, intelligent seeders, fertilizer applicators, and plant protection machines.

6) Agriculture and forestry equipment - drills, forestry tractors, timber movers.

7) Fishery machinery - net boring machine, hoisting machine, dry ice maker.

8) Agricultural transport machinery - agricultural vehicles with multi-functional operations.

9) Animal husbandry machinery - pasture harvesters, feed granulators, high density balers.

10) Cash crop machinery - cotton pickers, fruit harvesters, potatoes, sweet potatoes, beets, sugarcane harvesters, high-altitude reed harvesters, peanuts, vegetable oil harvesters

With the development of science and technology, agricultural machinery that meets China's national conditions will continue to develop, new products will come out, and the application of hydraulic technology will continue to expand. It can be foreseen that the 21st century is an era in which hydraulic technology will shine in agriculture. Every hydraulic technician should use his wisdom and sweat to add luster to this era and make his own contribution to the development of China's agricultural machinery industry.

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