1. What kind of raisins?
At present, there are two types of American raisin introduced into China: one is a red or bright purple fruit with a glossy, beautiful appearance, called "Red Earth", also known as "Red Evening." The young leaves are light purple in color, with smooth foliage and lean hairs on the leaves. Leaves larger, heart-shaped, 5-lobed, nicked medium, smooth and shiny leaves, no hair on the back of the leaves. Bisexual flowers. The fruit is tight and moderately elastic. The ear usually weighs about 800 grams and the maximum ear weight is 2500 grams. The average grain weight is 13 grams and the maximum grain weight is 25 grams. Do not crack fruit, not rotten fruit, not falling grain. Peel is medium thick, hard to peel, sugary 18-20 degrees, fresh taste is crisp, sweet mouth, not sour, not astringent, excellent taste, resistance to storage and transportation, natural storage for up to 3 months, constant temperature kiln Tibetans can be stored until May of the following year and have been stored for more than 8 months. In the middle and early March, the buds were planted, and the first true leaves were exhibited in the middle and late March. The fruit matures in late September. Strong growth momentum, early fruiting period, fruiting in the second year after planting, and the third year (1 mu: 667 square meters, the same below) producing more than 2000 kg. Another variety is fruit purple black, bright as paint, fruit powder thick, the appearance of a very beautiful black grape, called "autumn black." The fruit pieces are closely packed on the ear, and they have the same size and beautiful appearance. The average ear weight is 750 grams and the maximum ear weight is over 1700 grams. The fruit is broadly ovoid and has a thick skin. The flesh is yellow-green and can be cut into pieces. It is crispy, sweet and refreshing, with a sweetness of 18-20 degrees. The quality is excellent. Mature in mid-September. The fruit pieces are firmly planted, strong in resistance to pull, extremely resistant to storage and transportation, and can be stored until March of the following year. The disease-resistant and high-yield fruits are planted in the second year after planting. The yield in the third year can reach 2000 kg or more, and the fourth year can be In the fifth year, it entered the fruit period.
In addition, there are two European varieties of grapes, "Victoria" and "Auguste". The former is yellowish and the latter is golden. Fruit hardness, sugar content above 18 degrees, sweet, good quality, not easy to drop, disease resistance, high yield, mature in mid-July.
2. The introduction of grapes in China
In the United States, the cultivated area of ​​grapevine accounts for the third place in the grape area, domestic sales accounted for the sixth place in the United States grape sales volume, export sales ranked first. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of places and areas in which we have introduced Zites. After the establishment of a base in Shandong by Hong Kong businessmen, they planted seedlings while planting seedlings. In September 1998, the Communist Youth League Central Rural Development Center established the "Qingdao Blacktip Grape Industrialization Base in Qingdao, Shandong Province". In January 1998, Fujian Province introduced Giuseppe and successfully tested in Fuzhou and Guling. Other provinces south of the Yangtze River are also introduced sporadically. Lanxi, Huangyan and other places in Zhejiang Province also began to be planted.
3. Where are the grapes suitable for planting?
In order to produce high quality and high yield of kiwi, we must choose a place with suitable environmental conditions. The temperature of Red Raisin originates in California, USA, and the average temperature is above 18°C. However, China's Fuzhou, Fujian, and Qingdao, Shandong Province have all been successfully introduced, indicating that the temperature in most parts of China is adapted to the growth of grapefruit. Based on relevant data, the soil can be planted on hillside and flat land. Sandy loam with good ventilation and drainage is most suitable. Moisture buds and flowering period, the humidity is too large, easy to disease; fruit enlargement period, the need for more water; fruit maturity, requires low humidity. Wind vines are afraid of the wind and can easily collapse the scaffolds in case of strong winds. The light hi light bogey shade. Insufficient light, weak twigs and light leaves, affect flower bud differentiation and results. However, in the case of intense light during fruit enlargement, sunburn should occur and should be prevented.
4. Grape cultivation points
(1) Planting requires spring planting to have a higher survival rate than autumn planting, with planting period from early February to late.
The planting density differs depending on the type of remodeling. Generally, the plant spacing is 1.3 meters. Before planting, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied. For example: Each plant should be applied to more than 40 kilograms of organic manure, 3 kilograms of superphosphate, and 0.2 kilograms of potassium sulfate.
(2) Fertilizer and Water Management When planting, fill enough water to make the soil moist. In case of drought during the growing season, watering should be timely. Water accumulation in the garden should be eliminated in time to avoid mildew. From late October to early November, apply basal fertilizer. The top dressing is about 8 times a year, that is, when the new shoot is about 20 centimeters in length, human fecal urine or urea is used as the first top-dressing; the top dressing is applied once every two weeks or so. In the 2-3 top dressings after the beginning of August, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added.
(3) Prior to the initiation of pest control, spraying a mixture of lime sulfur (Baume 3-5 degrees) and sodium pentachlorophenolate (200-300 times) will eliminate the sources of overwintering. After the first leaf is unfolded, it is sprayed with lime sulfur or other fungicides to control it. Spray it once every 10 days or so. If pests are found, they must be promptly controlled.
(4) The fruit of the fruit should be harvested in a timely manner and the fruit size should be large, so that it is necessary to ripen the panicle, collect the panicle, and timely harvest it in batches.
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