Summer sowing watermelons in the suburbs of Beijing are affected by local ecology and production conditions, mainly after summer crops are harvested. According to production experience, we should pay attention to the following aspects in production:
I. Determination of sowing date During the growth of summer sowing watermelon, it is in the high temperature and high humidity season in the suburbs of Beijing. Generally, the live watermelon breeding period is 75--80 days shorter than the spring sowing of the same variety by 10-15 days. Transplanting seedlings is considered to have a period of 2 to 3 days for seedlings. In order to obtain better returns, the sowing date should be determined according to the listing period. The watermelons planned to be listed on the National Day can be planted around July 15th, according to the forecast of weather trends in advance or afterwards, but it must be guaranteed that the accumulative temperature above 15°C in the previous 1650-1800°C.
Second, the selection of varieties Currently suitable for the summer suburbs of Beijing broadcast more varieties of watermelon, such as Beijing Xin No. 1, Xingnong No. 1, Hangxing No. 1 and small watermelon red Xiaoyu, Huang Xiaofeng and so on. Should be selected according to production purposes and consumption habits, small varieties should be used in the protection of land and planted by the way to plant, in order to facilitate the increase of density play species characteristics.
Third, land preparation and filming summer broadcast melon fields should be selected more than 3 years did not plant watermelon and other cucurbitaceous crops of sandy loam, surface formation, drainage and irrigation convenience, land fertility and no history of pollution.
According to the natural slope and status of the land, determine the orientation of the watermelon to facilitate lighting, ventilation and irrigation. The ditch is set at a distance of 1.6--1.7m. The ditch is 30cm deep and 40cm wide. Base fertilizer is applied into the ditch and deep-slung soil is mixed uniformly. The reference dosage is 3 to 4 cubic meters of rotten farmyard fertilizer, 5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (pure nitrogen), 5 kg of phosphorus fertilizer (diphosphorus pentoxide), and potassium fertilizer (potassium oxide) per 667 square meters. ) 4--5kg and a small amount of trace fertilizer. With the loose soil, the soil removed from the original ditch on both sides of the ditch is reduced to a height of 15 to 20 cm in the center, low on both sides and 65 to 70 cm in width. In the 5 - 10 cm soil layer under the ridge surface, 25 kg of poisonous soil of 1:100 times of enemy insects and 10 kg of 1:1000 times of carbendazim medicine soil are applied to prevent and control underground diseases and insect pests.
Melon ridges are covered with plastic film to prevent squatting, protect soil, prevent grass and keep soil loose. According to many years of experience, silver-gray films have the best effect in the mulching film of various colors and materials, especially its evasive effect. The melon ridge covers a width of 65--70cm, and the mulch must be tightly attached to the ground.
Fourth, sowing summer sowing watermelon can be transplanted seedlings can also be live on the ridge. Seedling transplanting procedures and spring sowing watermelon are the same, but it is necessary to prevent high seedlings and cover rain. Direct sowing can prevent slow seedlings caused by rooting and high temperature caused by transplanting. Seedlings can also cause damage in the event of rain, and the number of seeding seeds must be appropriately increased. Seeds are planted on the top of the sorghum with 3 pods per hole. When the distance is 1.6--1.7m, the distance is about 60cm, and 667m2 is sown with 600--700 holes. The density of small breeds should be increased. The sowing depth is 1.5cm. After sowing or transplanting, the opening of the mulch is sealed with soil.
V. Management Summer sowing watermelon after emergence or transplanting slow seedling growth, rapid growth under high temperature and high humidity, such as adequate fertilizer at the seedling stage without top dressing. When the seedlings are weak, appropriate N, P and K fertilizers can be topdressed, or potassium dihydrogen phosphate or urea solutions can be sprayed with 2‰-3‰ of foliar spray. Throughout the seedling period, pay attention to the drainage after the rain and the loosening of the grass.
After entering the vine, the pruning period needs to be pruned as soon as possible, and the number of preserved branches is determined according to the species characteristics. The general species is left with 2--3 vines.
Summer sowing watermelon is prone to damping-off in the early stage of growth. It is prone to anthrax and spider mites, aphids, cotton bollworms, etc. in the middle and late stages. It can be treated with 3000-fold solution of hydropermethrin, with 500--800 times 75% chlorothalonil or 50% carbendazim solution treatment.
The second female flower of watermelon was opened for artificial pollination. When the size of the eggs is small, the rainy season is basically over, with the expansion of the melons with watering, nitrogen fertilizer (pure nitrogen) 10-15kg, phosphorus, potassium (phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide) 3--5kg each.
As the young larvae grow up, they must pay attention to the changes in the weather, prevent the occurrence of diseases after rainfall and watering, and at the same time perform snoring, smooth melon, melon doubling, and padding melon.
After summer pollination watermelon most varieties can reach maturity 24-28d, should be marketed according to market conditions.
I. Determination of sowing date During the growth of summer sowing watermelon, it is in the high temperature and high humidity season in the suburbs of Beijing. Generally, the live watermelon breeding period is 75--80 days shorter than the spring sowing of the same variety by 10-15 days. Transplanting seedlings is considered to have a period of 2 to 3 days for seedlings. In order to obtain better returns, the sowing date should be determined according to the listing period. The watermelons planned to be listed on the National Day can be planted around July 15th, according to the forecast of weather trends in advance or afterwards, but it must be guaranteed that the accumulative temperature above 15°C in the previous 1650-1800°C.
Second, the selection of varieties Currently suitable for the summer suburbs of Beijing broadcast more varieties of watermelon, such as Beijing Xin No. 1, Xingnong No. 1, Hangxing No. 1 and small watermelon red Xiaoyu, Huang Xiaofeng and so on. Should be selected according to production purposes and consumption habits, small varieties should be used in the protection of land and planted by the way to plant, in order to facilitate the increase of density play species characteristics.
Third, land preparation and filming summer broadcast melon fields should be selected more than 3 years did not plant watermelon and other cucurbitaceous crops of sandy loam, surface formation, drainage and irrigation convenience, land fertility and no history of pollution.
According to the natural slope and status of the land, determine the orientation of the watermelon to facilitate lighting, ventilation and irrigation. The ditch is set at a distance of 1.6--1.7m. The ditch is 30cm deep and 40cm wide. Base fertilizer is applied into the ditch and deep-slung soil is mixed uniformly. The reference dosage is 3 to 4 cubic meters of rotten farmyard fertilizer, 5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (pure nitrogen), 5 kg of phosphorus fertilizer (diphosphorus pentoxide), and potassium fertilizer (potassium oxide) per 667 square meters. ) 4--5kg and a small amount of trace fertilizer. With the loose soil, the soil removed from the original ditch on both sides of the ditch is reduced to a height of 15 to 20 cm in the center, low on both sides and 65 to 70 cm in width. In the 5 - 10 cm soil layer under the ridge surface, 25 kg of poisonous soil of 1:100 times of enemy insects and 10 kg of 1:1000 times of carbendazim medicine soil are applied to prevent and control underground diseases and insect pests.
Melon ridges are covered with plastic film to prevent squatting, protect soil, prevent grass and keep soil loose. According to many years of experience, silver-gray films have the best effect in the mulching film of various colors and materials, especially its evasive effect. The melon ridge covers a width of 65--70cm, and the mulch must be tightly attached to the ground.
Fourth, sowing summer sowing watermelon can be transplanted seedlings can also be live on the ridge. Seedling transplanting procedures and spring sowing watermelon are the same, but it is necessary to prevent high seedlings and cover rain. Direct sowing can prevent slow seedlings caused by rooting and high temperature caused by transplanting. Seedlings can also cause damage in the event of rain, and the number of seeding seeds must be appropriately increased. Seeds are planted on the top of the sorghum with 3 pods per hole. When the distance is 1.6--1.7m, the distance is about 60cm, and 667m2 is sown with 600--700 holes. The density of small breeds should be increased. The sowing depth is 1.5cm. After sowing or transplanting, the opening of the mulch is sealed with soil.
V. Management Summer sowing watermelon after emergence or transplanting slow seedling growth, rapid growth under high temperature and high humidity, such as adequate fertilizer at the seedling stage without top dressing. When the seedlings are weak, appropriate N, P and K fertilizers can be topdressed, or potassium dihydrogen phosphate or urea solutions can be sprayed with 2‰-3‰ of foliar spray. Throughout the seedling period, pay attention to the drainage after the rain and the loosening of the grass.
After entering the vine, the pruning period needs to be pruned as soon as possible, and the number of preserved branches is determined according to the species characteristics. The general species is left with 2--3 vines.
Summer sowing watermelon is prone to damping-off in the early stage of growth. It is prone to anthrax and spider mites, aphids, cotton bollworms, etc. in the middle and late stages. It can be treated with 3000-fold solution of hydropermethrin, with 500--800 times 75% chlorothalonil or 50% carbendazim solution treatment.
The second female flower of watermelon was opened for artificial pollination. When the size of the eggs is small, the rainy season is basically over, with the expansion of the melons with watering, nitrogen fertilizer (pure nitrogen) 10-15kg, phosphorus, potassium (phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide) 3--5kg each.
As the young larvae grow up, they must pay attention to the changes in the weather, prevent the occurrence of diseases after rainfall and watering, and at the same time perform snoring, smooth melon, melon doubling, and padding melon.
After summer pollination watermelon most varieties can reach maturity 24-28d, should be marketed according to market conditions.
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